
Class 
Book 



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Copyright N°. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSm 



Things 
That a 
Mother Should 
Know About 
Medicine 
Health and 
Disease 
Prevention 
Palliation 
Cure 




Class 

Book 



Copyright N 



10 



COF/RIGHT DEPOSIT. 









TK 


1 








- 



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T. P. Scully, M. D., Rome, N. Y. 




Mrs. T. P. Scully, Rome, N. Y 




Emerald and Jasper Scully, Rome, N. Y. 
Violinists of the Jewell Quartette 




Ruby Scully, Rome, N. Y. 
Pianist, Jewell Quartette. 







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Beryl Scully, Rome, N. Y. 
Drummer, Jewell Quartette. 



The Title of This Book Must be Enlarged upon 
in Your Mind's Eye. You Must See that the Book 
is Meant to Become the Companion, Instructor 
and Guide, not of Mothers Alone, but also of the 
Interested Fathers, the Devoted Sisters, the 
Pure-minded, Studious, Alert Brothers, the Dear 
Old Grandparents, Guardians, Caretakers, Teach- 
ers of Children — Everyone Deep, Wise, Careful, 
Thoughtful Enough to Take an Honest Interest 
in the Present or Future Welfare of Humanity. 



fl 



Some Things 



That a 



Mother Should Know 



About 



Medicine, Health and Disease 



Prevention, Palliation 



Cure 



RC 8 1 
.54 



Copyright, 19 14, 

By Elizabeth Scully, 

Rome, N. Y. 



$/&> 



Press of 

The Wilson H. Lee Company 

New Haven, Conn. 

©.CI.A376703 

JUL 18 1914 



DEDICATION. 



To our children and our children's children, to all 
future generations, these few pages of essays from our family 
scrap book— HEALTH AND DISEASE, PREVEN- 
TION, PALLIATION, CURE— are respectfully dedicated. 

DR. AND MRS. T. P. SCULLY. 



INDEX 



Important Questions Answered in Ten Short Essays. 



PAGE 



First Essay Read by Doctor Scully Before Our Mothers' 
Medical Class, Title— What is the Object of This 

Mothers' Medical Class? o 

Do We Want a Stronger, Healthier, Happier Generation 

to Follow Us? 12 

The Effect of Laws and Influence on Health 15 

Should a Doctor Whom One Sees Only Once or Several 
Times a Year Be the Sole Source of Information, on 

Prevention, Palliation, Cure of Disease? 17 

What is Disease, So-called? 22 

Vitality, What is It? 25 

Can Disease be Prevented? 26 

Manhood, How Personified? 32 

The Most Important Adjunct to a Present Day Education 

is a Popular Knowledge About Public Health — Why? 36 

Medical Sociology 40 

Ten Short Essays Pertaining to Baby. 

What is the Cause of Sterility in Women? 44 

Preface to Care of the Baby, or Baby's Welcome 50 

Before the Baby Comes 53 

When the Baby Arrives 57 

Caution for the Future Mother 62 

How the Baby Looks and Its Development 65 

Regular Habits 68 

Who Shall Care for Baby? 73 

The Sick Baby 78 

Symptoms of Disease 83 



8 INDEX 



Twenty-Five Short Essays on Childhood. 

PAGE 

Colds 88 

Catarrh 92 

Consumption or Tuberculosis 96 

Debilitating Discharges 98 

Hernia or Rupture 102 

Hydrocele or Varicocele 104 

Circumcision 106 

Flatulence 109 

Colic 114 

Acidity 116 

Constipation, Vomiting 117 

Diarrhoea 120 

Cholera Infantum 121 

Worms 123 

Tonsilitis, Quinsy, Rheumatism 126 

Diphtheria 129 

Whooping Cough 131 

Mumps 133 

Chicken Pox 135 

Small Pox 13 7 

Measles 140 

Scarlet Fever 143 

Typhoid Fever 146 

Spotted Fever or Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis 148 

Accidents and Emergencies 151 

Dosage Suggestions 169 



What is the Object of this "Mothers Medical 

Class?" 



IT is not our object to encourage dosing or drugging 
or extend quackery; but to discourage both. It is 
not to lead mothers, or women in general, to do 
more than now, nor less, but to do whatever they do 
do more intelligently, promptly and efficiently. It is not 
to make parents exclusively their own physicians, but 
to prevent in no small degree the need of both physicians 
and medicines by encouraging mothers to know as far 
as possible, and sow the seed that will awaken a desire 
in the hearts of sons and daughters to yet better know 
the wonderful mechanism of the human body, its capabil- 
ities, possibilities, probabilities in health, disease and 
usefulness. 

How many human bodies have you ever seen whose 
mechanism, whose component parts were perfect? I 
can hear some mother say in her heart as she reads this 
question; "I did feel or I do feel that my own little 
baby has a nearly perfect body, a nearly perfect mechan- 
ism. Possibly that mother is not far from right, but how 
long let me ask, does that little body, generally speaking, 
remain in that nearly perfect condition? If not, why not 
and who or what is to blame ? Some circumstance beyond 
human control perhaps, something wisdom and judg- 
ment might have modified possibly, what time and atten- 
tion would have avoided probably. 



IO IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

How much is this little human body worth? Money 
wouldn't buy it of you, mother, now would it? How 
much would you take for one little finger, one little toe, 
one little atom of that mental sufficiency ? If it is worth 
more than money, is it worth more than time, is it worth 
more than your very best effort of mind and body ? If God 
has entrusted a little human being to you do you realize 
how grave the charge ? Do you realize you must answer 
to your maker, it's maker, for molding, modifying, making 
of body and mind and SOUL so long as you are it's 
guardian or partial guardian? 

If you have no little ones all your very own, are you 
your brother's keeper, and who is your brother? Are 
you your neighbor's keeper and who is your neighbor? 
Have you ever stopped to consider the giving of a part of 
your mental or physical ability to the child of some moth- 
er, who has been less favored than yourself in these 
attributes? Have you some accomplishment or accom- 
plishments that have, seemingly, been beyond her reach, 
and is it in your power, with really no detriment to you 
or yours, to place such in the reach of her children? Can 
you sing? Can you play? Can you paint? Can you 
read? Can you ride, row, swim, fish? Can you cook, 
mend or wash ? All these things and many more are 
necessary to the general public welfare and it is an ac- 
complishment to know how to do any one of them well. 

Impart one of your accomplishments to some child, 
some man or woman and then listen to the "Inasmuch 



OBJECT OF THIS " MOTHER'S MEDICAL CLASS ?" II 

as ye have done it unto one of the least of these my 
brethren ye have done it unto Me," and see what a com- 
fort it brings to your heart. It is sad to have done no 
good in the world, but sadder still to have done more 
harm than good. Where do you stand ? You know better 
than anyone else. Begin to-day. First think, then act. 
Ask God to give you judgment and wisdom. You can't 
go wrong. 

T. P. Scully, M. D. 



There is a weary waste in all our social and political 
organizations. We make a blundering effort to tend our 
sick, our ignorant, our poor; while Heaven's own nurses, 
Heaven's own teachers, Heaven's own almoners, are 
among us by myriads, crying out, yes pining for work — 
noble women. They have a firmer and a tenderer 
touch than ours. Let us welcome them to their own. — 
George Du Verger. 

Every human being has a part to act in the drama of 
life. Be ready in the sphere allotted you. The effort of 
the man at the bottom of the ladder (as it branches out 
and it's influence goes on and on and again and again 
branches out and goes on) may weigh more in the final 
reckoning than the effort of the man at the top. — 
Elizabeth Scully. 



Do We Want a Stronger, Healthier, Happier 
Generation to Follow Us? 



DO we want a stronger, healthier, happier genera- 
tion to follow us and a still stronger one to follow 
that and so continue until our earth shall be a 

HEAVEN. 

If we can answer yes to this question and each use the 
wisdom, judgment, ability, intelligence, that god has 
given alone to human beings we shall see what christ 
died for — the salvation of the world. 

Have you who are reading this book ever stopped to 
reason on the question of how much your personal 
individuality could and should do toward bringing 
about this happy condition of affairs. 

Did you ever stop to think that the healthier, happier, 
busier, more contented the people around you were, the 
healthier, happier, busier, more contented you and those 
dear to you must become. 

Look around you and see where money does not pro- 
tect the rich man or his child from diseases that are the 
outcome of the crowded quarters, the lack of proper 
food, clothing and warm homes that he and his colleagues 
(unscrupulous politicians), have with low wages, high 
rents, taxes, food and medicine prices brought upon the 
larger number of the present generation. 



A STRONGER, HEALTHIER, HAPPIER GENERATION. 13 

The outcome, the sad results of the worst of these 
diseases and this needless world wide unrest is the filling 
of jails, homes for the feeble minded, insane asylums, 
and too often it is the son or daughter of the innocent, 
ignorant or wilful producer of the cause who suffers. 

THE FIRST BEST WAY TO HELP. 

Give a tenth of your thinking moments for the greatest 
good to the greatest number in your community, your 
state, your nation, all Nations. 

Then give in the direction and for the purpose, the 
product of that thought suggests, your own, god given, 
mental, moral, spiritual and physical ability to produce 
results. Rarely give money, better give employment, 
medicine, necessaries, suggestions or instructions. 

USE YOUR ABILITY AND COMMEND YOUR NEIGHBORS 

ABILITY. 

People who are strong mentally, morally, spiritually 
often underate their ability while those who are weak in 
these attributes over rate theirs. 

This is deplorable because the world is not getting the 
best effort of our nobler people, and is getting much of 
the determined effort of unscrupulous egotists. 

This wrong can be righted. The bible teaches how. 
"give honor to whom honor is due". 

Are you who are reading these lines using your indi- 
viduality, mentally, morally, spiritually for all it is 



14 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

Worth. Are you giving honor to whom honor is due, or 
are you through hope of praise, or fear of censure, letting 
some unscrupulous egotist, swerve you from your pur- 
pose? 

Stop, look, listen ! The train is bearing you on. You 
can't recall one yesterday but you can begin to-day. 

For your own sake, for the sake of those dear to you, 
for the sake of every one with whom you meet and mingle 
be an individual, don't be enmass. 

THE PURPOSE OF THIS BOOK, AND THE REASON IT WAS 

WRITTEN. 

Our physical ability is always the major power behind 
our mental ability. Our physical and mental together 
control our Moral and Spiritual. 

We need then first of all the best physique it is possible 
to obtain for ourselves, our children, every one it is in 
our power to better. 

How can we get it? do and teach everything we 
know for the Betterment of Humanity. 

To help us to do this, possibly with a clearer under- 
standing of ways, means and results is the mission of this 
little book, which is published in memory of the life 
purpose of my dear husband, the future of my three sons 
and daughter and all my friends who appreciate thought, 
purpose and determination. 

Mrs. T. P. Scully. 



The Effects of Laws and Influence on Health. 



ALL laws or influences that promote selfishness take 
from life it's great and noble purposes and en- 
courage a lordly (sickly) existence for man 
and a butterfly (weakling) existence for woman. 
Both of these latter are essentially demoralizing and 
render impossible the development of the higher nature 
of the great whole. Renders impossible "the greatest 
good to the greatest number", of which our nation so 
proudly boasts. 

We must measure life by the work accomplished in 
preventing or ameliorating the suffering, and brighten- 
ing the existence of the struggling brotherhood of man, 
such work as tends to create an ideal home for each 
individual of the multitude where the body, mind and 
soul may be cultured day by day, thus advancing nearer 
and nearer the great throbbing soul of infinity until they 
ripen into the richest maturity. 

Many whose names are great and whose fame hangs 
on the lips of tens of thousands are only skeletons, lifeless, 
fleshless, soulless and many whose name the mad world 
little notes are in truth grandly great. 

Sometimes the immediate circle of influence, of These 
grandly great, is seemingly small, but the few whose 
lives they better, go out with a strong determination to be 



l6 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

like them and the endless chain thus formed has an 
influence that knows no end, in the molding and better- 
ing of human souls. 

These lives in which self sacrifice has made the world 
blossom in richness and beauty are to be seen on every 
hand ; and nowhere are more impressive examples found 
than at the firesides that jewel our land, where mothers 
with tireless devotion labor night and day for their loved 
ones, bearing with the thousands of vexatious circum- 
stances, the aggravation of wilful children, the pinching 
grasp of poverty, and the thoughtlessness of husbands, 
asking for no sweeter recompense than the happiness of 
those whose lot falls within the sacred circle of their holy 
influence. 

Then there is an army of heroic men, who are silently 
guiding the destinies of the future, the pages of history 
are luminous with these examples of self sacrifice that 
gleam forth as the stars, from the recesses of every age, 
and in every land and clime. Such lives are sublime. 

But we must not forget the little children, the young 

boys and girls who have been left to care for invalid 

mothers and helpless fathers; or little brothers or sisters 

often in the coldest and most cruel surroundings, their 

names will be written in letters of gold, high up above 

all the rest. 

T. P. Scully, M.D. 

All attempts at passion instead of reason to settle 
human affairs is unchristian. — T. P. Scully. 



Should a Doctor Whom One Sees Only Once or 
Several Times a Year be the Sole Source 
of Information on Prevention, Pallia- 
tion, Cure of Disease? 



SHOULD a doctor whom one sees only once or several 
times a year be the sole source of information on 
prevention, palliation, cure of disease? I answer 
no to this most emphatically, because I have in my 
younger days seen many a man, woman and child die, 
when no doctor could be had for love or money, and no 
competent person was near to act. I answer No most 
emphatically to this question, because I have seen sick- 
ness, suffering and eventually death many times in homes 
where the funds were lacking to command a doctor. I 
say no most emphatically to this question because I have 
seen many lives saved by the means of prevention, pallia- 
tion and cure offered by noble men and women, children, 
Indians who had had different degrees of instruction along 
certain lines. 

I say no most emphatically to this question because 
(I feel grieved to state the facts) we have unscrupulous 
men who study medicine, and actually receive diplomas 
from medical colleges. They are looking for the ' 'al- 
mighty dollars," automobiles, whisky and what they 
call a good time. They do more harm than good in the 



IS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

world because they prey upon the credulity, ignorance 
and innocence of not only men and women but little child- 
ren as well. 

I say no most emphatically to this question because 
I believe the person or persons to be positive factors in 
keeping a child well must be on the ground to see the 
first signs or symptoms of disease. "An ounce of preven- 
tion is worth a pound of cure," should not be idly spoken. 

While a caretaker cannot as a rule keep watch of a 
child every moment, watch every detail in cleanliness, 
diet and evacuation, if they are alert to the first signs of 
distress, fever or congestion, an emetic, an enema, a 
mild laxative, one or all combined, will generally remove 
the cause and allow nature to resume its normal condi- 
tion. There are many other harmless yet effective re- 
medies that can judiciously be placed in the hands of the 
great majority of mothers or caretakers, but of these 
I will speak later. 

The honest, careful, scholarly doctor has his place and 
a very important one in this big problem for the future 
health and prosperity of the human race, and what I 
shall say in this paper will, I trust, make the mothers and 
caretakers more proficient as his assistants in this noblest 
of all human efforts — keeping healthy for the pres- 
ent and future generations. You will remember I 
told you once before that a strong body was a strong 
factor behind a strong mind and these two combined, 
rightly directed, meant strong moral and spiritual ten- 



A DOCTOR THE SOLE SOURCE OF INFORMATION. 19 

dencies, what the whole world needs to-day, but I shall 
have more fully answered question No. 7 when I say that 
we must repeatedly advocate a measure for a proper 
lecture and study course on medicine to be given in the 
public schools to boys and girls separately, and ultimate- 
ly through these, and especially fitted lady doctors and 
nurses, have every mother and father, every caretaker 
of children, taught personal hygiene, emergency work, 
preventive medicine, and harmful remedies for them- 
selves and those to whom they minister. Since even a 
headache shortens life and sadly interferes with ones 
usefulness, there is a mercenary as well as a humane side 
to the problem. 

I shall speak of the humane side first because it is of 
first importance, "self preservation is the first law of 
nature" and axiom. May we not say that the second law 
of nature is, or should be the preservation of our off- 
springs. Nor should we stop there, we should look into 
the future and think of their offsprings, then realize that 
the general welfare of every one around us, means the 
general welfare of us and ours in the highest sense of the 
words. We can't work along the line of the man who 
prayed, "God bless me and my wife, my son John and his 
wife, us four and no more," and be humane to ourselves 
or others. 

I shall be obliged to allow you to set your own standard 
of action, as regards the humane treatment of every one 
with whom you meet and mingle and yourself as you 



20 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

must, of necessity allow me to set mine, but as a parting 
word I shall ask you to try to temper your every act with 
love, hope, charity, and have as your aim: strong 

BODY, STRONG MIND, STRONG MORAL AND SPIRITUAL 

tendencies for every man, woman and child in the 
world. 

When the above shall have been carried out there will 
be little need of any discussion of the mercenary side 
of the problem, but I feel duty bound at the present 
writing to suggest to you what you may already know, 
that the honest working people of to-day are carrying a 
very heavy burden on their shoulders in the large number 
of indigents, that might, with a little forethought and 
care have been more than self supporting. When the 
majority of laboring men are incapacitated, for any reason 
they are no longer producers but rather sponge on the 
production of others (a double loss, and this is often 
doubled, thribbled or quadrupled by the wife and child- 
ren of the same), unless he and his partner of life have 
been taught the value of earning a little and spending a 
little less. We need economy-thrift as our ancestors 
termed it. 

World-wide Improvement is or should be, an impor- 
tant aim in life and there can only be improvement when 
the majority of the people do more for the world than the 
world is doing for them. Each man, woman and child 
should study to leave a little monument of good words 
and works behind, when he or she has departed. 



A DOCTOR THE SOLE SOURCE OF INFORMATION. 21 

This monument will only be as high as the difference 
between what you have said and done for the world more 
than What the world has said and done for you. Some 
people leave a very high monument behind them, some 
keep even, while others lag far behind. The latter two 
classes are many times not the ones who lack ability or 
means. Mrs. T. P. Scully. 



"The beautiful things are the things we do; they are 
not the things we wear, as we shall find when the journeys 
through, and the roll call's read up there. We're illus- 
trating the latest styles, with raiment that beats the 
band; but the beautiful things are the kindly smiles 
that go with the helping hand. We burden ourselves 
with gleaming gems, that neighbors may stop and stare; 
but the beautiful things are the diadems of the stars 
that the righteous wear. There are beautiful things in 
the poor man's cot, though empty the hearth and cold, 
if love and service are in each thought that husband and 
wife may hold. There are beautiful things in the lowest 
slum where the wondering outcasts grope, when down to 
its depth they see you come with message of help and 
hope. The beautiful things that we mortals buy and 
flash in the crowded street, will all be junk when we come 
to die, and march to the judgment seat. When every- 
thing's weighed on that fateful day, the lightest thing 
will be gold. There are beautiful things in reach to-day, 
but they are not bought or sold." 



What is Diseased So-called? 



DISEASE is the consequence or sequel of violating 
one or more of the laws governing the perfect 
development of the human constitution, body, 
mind and Soul. Such violation creates waste, call it pus, 
ashes, what you will. Your system with a smaller or a 
larger load of waste material to carry, cannot resist shock, 
chill or very violent exertion without serious injury to 
the entire being, and you are knocked out, so to speak. 
This waste material comes from eating improper food, 
and more of it than can be properly digested. The food 
liquified and taken into the blood in an undigested state 
poisons the system, the heart pumps hard to throw off 
the poison, motion produces heat, and you necessarily 
have a fever. 

If means are adopted to immediately eliminate, — 

OPEN THE BOWELS, RELIEVE THE KIDNEYS, LUNGS, 
THROAT, ALL MUCOUS SURFACES, OPEN THE PORES 

of the skin, — a normal or more nearly normal condi- 
tion ensues, and a really or seemingly healthy condition 
follows. If this elimination is neglected for one hour, 
one day, one week, pain, unrest, fever, and many 
more abnormal conditions are likely to ensue, and 
life is shortened in a comparative degree. Your phy- 
sical and mental activity and usefulness in the world 



WHAT IS DISEASED SO-CALLED. 23 

is impaired, but the injured system goes on as long as 
it can, as well as it can, until a change becomes neces- 
sary to prevent entire destruction of one or all of it's 
parts, nature provides for this change in this way — A 
tiny germ of some kind invades the system and uses up 
the waste as food. If people understood that this inter- 
position, generally means an onward health bound course, 
left out the foolish dope, left the ship often in the hands 
of the divine pilot, fewer deaths would ensue. Have 
you not many times seen a great improvement in the 
general health of persons after an attack of measles, 
scarlet fever, typhoid, etc. You never knew, you never 
tried to find out, the scientific reason for this. Do you now 
know that this waste was a burden to the system ? Like 
a rock in a stream of water, so tiny particles of any foreign 
substance in your blood blocks up, or sadly interferes 
with your nerve current, as also it interferes with the 
deposit by the blood of proper material to replace the 
worn out tissue. You become ill-nourished, weak, too 
thin or too fat, too white or too ruddy, generally have a 
muddy complexion, have a pain here and there, part or 
all of the time. You are not vivacious. You are really 
not alive. Only a part of you is alive. When, you are 
really alive it is a joy to live. You make a place in the 
world and fill it. You are an inspiration to every one you 
meet. There is no place in your life for little annoyances 
and trifles. Anger, hate, revenge, etc. are unknown to 
you. No load, however heavy, ever becomes a burden. 



24 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

When a child has high fever and does not respond readily to internal 
medication, or the medicine is not retained by the stomach, our grand- 
mother's method of wrapping the entire body in sheets wrung out of 
hot water, wrapping blankets and then quilts outside of these, until 
perspiration appears and the entire system is relaxed, has doubtless 
saved many lives. I have used this pack with a marked degree of suc- 
cess several times. — Scully. 

"In vaccination the germs taken directly into the blood, use up all 
the waste material in the system that will answer for their nourishment 
and then depart or die, leaving the system immune to any outside in- 
fection or contagion, from a similar germ, until sufficient waste material 
shall have again collected to invite another invasion. All tested serums 
act the same way with their respective maladies. 

T. P. Scully, M.D. 



We must give first attention to the child because care 
in infancy, childhood, youth, has more influence on a man's 
life than parentage. — T. P. Scully. 

Work hard at self culture as your precious, priceless, 
contribution to the life of your homes, your country, 
your world. Let world-weary men, children, when they 
come home, come into an atmosphere which pure, serene 
thought has tempered into a restful, joyful, nook of 
heaven. — Betsy H. Ness. 

No human being ever yet entered life as a master or 
boss. Before we are fit to order others we must learn to 
obey orders and control ourselves. — Charles H. Ness. 

Lost opportunities build total or partial failure in 
getting the correct sum of the energy expended in the 
efforts of life. — Emily Jane Perkins. 



Vitality, What is It? 



* * \ TOTALITY is a big word and it takes a big man to 
y analyze it. " I say no man has ever yet analyzed 
it and it is safe to say no man will analyze it 
or comprehend it in all its entirety during many future 
generations, but this fact is no excuse for our not doing 
all in our power to sound its depth and measure it's 
breadth. Study, thought and action have unraveled 
and laid open to reading, thinking people many of it's 
most intricate parts. Study, thought and action will 
continue to unravel and lay bare truth after truth until 
vitality sounds its equivalent another Big Word — 

HEAVEN. 

Some man has said, "It is hell to be sick." "I say, 

It is heaven to be well." But when you find a man, 

woman or child well in the strictest sense of the word, 

find a man, woman, or child with perfect vitality in the 

present generation you will find white blackbirds. I do 

not wish to be quoted as having taught that perfect 

vitality is a quality unattainable, but rather that it is an 

unknown quantity, in the human family, at the present 

writing. 

T. P. Scully, M.D. 

Perpetual ignorance is based on satisfaction with 
your opinions and contentment with your present knowl- 
edge and exertions. — Elizabeth Gertrude Ness. 



Can Disease be Prevented? How? 



THE vital problem that confronts the readers, 
thinkers, writers and workers of the world 
to-day is not how to cure disease but how to 
prevent it — how to get the most perfect vitality for 
each child born into the world, and then how to keep up 
this average or raise the standard. 

Millions of dollars are being expended to palliate or 
cure disease, why not expend these same millions on 
teaching prevention. There are only a few very impor- 
tant things to be remembered, and practiced in our own 
lives, and we would be devotees and exponents of pre- 
ventive methods along with preventive medicine — 
The first is to breathe right; second consider what you 
eat, how, how much, when and where; third promptly 
eliminate all poisons from the system ; fourth keep all 
parts of the body clean; fifth sleep right; sixth labor 
right; seventh play right; eighth study a judicious use 
of your finances; ninth be temperate; tenth be chris- 
tian. 

We must breathe pure air, a lot of it down to the very 
bottom of our lungs, every day. This is natures way of 
purifying the blood, keeping the skin clear and the cheeks 
rosy. It along with other things, keeps the step elastic, 
the mind clear. Don't expect to keep healthy if you wash 
your lungs out with the same air that has washed out the 



CAN DISEASE BE PREVENTED ? HOW ? 27 

lungs of hundreds of people suffering from rotten teeth, 
catarrh, bronchial affections, lung troubles, in crowded 
halls, theatres etc. or, in any close unventilated room. 
I 'have said consider what you eat, how, how much, 
when and where. What to eat is a matter of little im- 
portance to the lower animals; Instinct teaches them. 

INTELLIGENCE SHOULD TEACH US BUT WE POSITIVELY 

won't allow it to. In a great many instances what 
looks good, smells good, tastes good and tickles the palate 
goes down regardless of the combination, sweet, sour, 
salt, hard, soft, green, ripe, embalmed — and some of the 
men who smoke and drink, until they can't taste bitter 
from sweet, eat rancid butter and rotten eggs, without a 
word of complaint. 

Too many kinds of food in the stomach at the same 
time maim and kill; highly seasoned foods, liquors or 
dopes deaden your sense of taste and kill your instinct, 
then you have a blunted intelligence to call upon after 
you get in desperate straits, as you positively must, 
sooner or later lest you heed the above. 

How to eat, is of major importance, chew your food. 
In order to do this keep your teeth in as perfect condi- 
tion as possible, you have no teeth in your stomach. 
Watch the children's teeth and make them eat slowly. 

How much? No more than you can digest, no more 
than the stomach can churn to a milky mass, mix with 
the digestive fluids, and the blood can take up in a suitable 
condition to build strong, healthy, body — bone, muscle, 



28 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

nerve — every worn out tissue. This caution heeded will 
cut the work of elimination in two at least, because there 
will not be sufficient waste to sour in the stomach and 
form poisonous material to burden the system — skin, 
bowels, kidneys, heart, lungs etc. All mucous surfaces 
will be lively then, and it will be a joy to live. 

When? At suitable, Stated, Intervals. Each day the 
same hour if possible. By suitable I mean, in keeping 
with your hours of work, when you are not too tired, 
never after a bath. 

Where ? In the cleanest, most cheerful, most congen- 
ial atmosphere possible. Anger, hatred, fear, anxiety, 
distrust, sadness, disgust, unsuitable companions, while 
eating cause your food to turn to poison and bring about 
the consequent results. 

I said thirdly and fourthly — promptly eliminate 

ALL POISONS FROM THE SYSTEM AND KEEP ALL PARTS OF 

the body clean. This can only be done by promptly 
answering the calls of nature in evacuating the bowels 
and emptying the bladder, so that this waste has no 
chance to be absorbed by the system, also keeping the 
thoughts pure, and heart right. Drink lots of water 
(positively not while you are eating), to wash internally, 
then wash externally, at least, twice a week, not forget- 
ting the points of intake and exit of both food and drink. 
The skin, being one of the most potent in its powers of 
elimination, must not, for one hour, be forgotten. When 
its pores are closed from cold, exposure, shock, etc., they 



CAN DISEASE BE PREVENTED? HOW? 29 

should be immediately opened by proper internal medica- 
tion, small doses, well diluted, often repeated, or hot 
packs in certain cases. 

Sleep is an important factor in your battle for a per- 
fect vitality. Your equilibrium is thus regained. 
You should in sleeping, as in eating, have, as near as 
possible, regular hours. You should do all your work 
faithfully in working hours then place yourself in god's 
hands, forgive your enemies, drop all care, and get the 
refreshing sleep of a baby. It can be done. Try the 
control of mind over matter and see. No one knows 
what he can do till he tries. Don't sleep too long, and 
don't lie in bed too long. Children need more sleep than 
older people. Give them their just deserts. 

Labor is incumbent upon every one. You can't have 
perfect vitality without a requisite amount of cheerful 
labor. Every muscle of the body, every atom of the 
brain, must be used, worn out and replaced, continually, 
to be at its best and keep growing stronger. 

Play, or, in other words recreation, is as important 
as any of the above. We must relax, forget to be serious, 
industrious or dignified by spells — -"Laugh and grow fat" 
should not be idly spoken if we would strive for a perfect 
vitality. 

Study a judicious use of your finances. Learn to 
earn a little and spend a little less. If you feel you have 
a few dollars for a rainy day, your peace of mind will 
more than recompense you for the sacrifice you have 



30 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

made to accomplish this end, and you will find you are 
not drawing so heavily on your reserve force of vitality 
and nerve energy, be temperate, not alone with alcohol, 
tobacco, and other poison dopes but with everything you 
think you enjoy — food, drink, dress, amusement, love, 
etc., etc. The possibility of mind over matter control is 
soon sensed and a keen satisfaction felt and enjoyed. 
You will begin to realize what being vital means, and 
you will begin to be unselfish enough to be willing that 
the rest of the world should have a little vitality — should 
"Eat drink and be merry". You will be christian, You 
will be more than that you will be godly. 

Once man (not a monkey or an individual not far 
removed from that specimen of the animal kingdom) 
learns that his health, and that of those dear to him, 
depends on the health of the nation, he won't take the 
cream out of the baby's milk, deplete, adulterate or 
poison his neighbors' bread, meat or other food supply 
for the paltry dollar that can't save him from sickness or 
death, and that he can't take with him to the next world. 

Some men, by their love of greed, are actually making 
incompetents for their own children to support later on. 

We should leave no open gateway, so to speak, for 
the entrance to our system, of any germ life; we should 
harbor no waste material to feed the same; we should 
keep well, but because we must sometimes lock the 
barn after the horse is stolen, let us study to be able to 
recognise at sight the difference in human beings as 



CAN DISEASE BE PREVENTED? HOW? 31 

regards their different degrees of vitality — the color of 
the skin, the dullness of the eyes, the lack of vivacity in 
the gait, the lack of interest in life, in the things going 
on around them — work, play, amusements, topics of the 
day, problems of the day, people. 

Let us study the cause of these different degrees of 
vitality and the remedies that must be resorted to once 
the laws of health are disobeyed, and abnormal condi- 
tions fixed upon us, and then let us wisely cut out the 
cause, and then cautiously, immediately, persistently set 
about to aid nature in her work of repair, ever believing 
"It is never too late to mend." 

Mrs. T. P. Scully. 



What good I see I humbly seek to do, and live 
obedient to the law, in trust that what will come and 
must come, shall come well. — Edwin Arnold. 

"Who spends his life in loving deeds at duty's earnest 
call shall taste life's rich experience when twilight 
shadows fall." 

To help mothers in their own sphere, both on Sunday 
and week days, to make each day delightful and each deed 
it's best, to give faith and courage and spread a charm 
continually about the way is Christian. — T. P. Scully. 



Manhood, How Personified ? 



THE highest ideal of man was personified in Christ. 
Were we called upon to present the best specimen 
of manhood that we could find now, where 
would we seek him? 

Not among the pampered class, but we would go 
down into the busy street, into the walks of life, among 
the common people, so called, and we would look for a 
man with a strong right arm, upturned sleeves, a man 
that would represent physical strength, and then, not 
content with that, we would look into this eye, and we 
would find the man that in addition to physical power, 
had an eye that gleamed with intelligence, an eye that 
stood for mental strength, mental power, and then we 
would sound the depth of that man's heart, to find his 
soul power, and if we found that his heart beat warm 
with sympathy for his fellow men, that within its recess- 
es shone the light of brotherly love, appreciation, and a 
keen perception of right and wrong, we would say ; ' 'this 
is the noblest work of a beneficent Creator, a real man." 

We would not give heed for a moment to the wealth 
that he might or might not possess, we would not glance 
at the apparel that he wore, we would not look for hands 
soft as an infant, but rather those hardened with toil. 

Labor of mind and body is not only honorable, but it 
is the motive power that builds the whole fabric of human 



MANHOOD, HOW PERSONIFIED? 33 

life, and makes man's condition superior to the brute 
creation. Is it a wonder then that the founder of the 
Christian religion was born in a manger, cradled in the 
commonest surroundings, and learned to toil with his 
hands, and therefore that when he spoke the common 
people listened, for he was one of them. "I am what I am." 
Not upon a pinnacle somewhere and trying to make people 
believe that was where, by some setting aside of the laws 
of the universe, he belonged. What a blessing it would 
be to humanity if more human beings could say from the 
bottom of their hearts, "I am what I am." The best 
there is in me as God and my opportunities meant, 
and not be continually trying to be somebody else, 
seemingly, above, on a par with or below them. Royal 
descent, wealth, costly apparel never yet made the man 
or woman; the diffusion of intelligence, the invention of 
machinery, transportation, systems of right living, which 
make life go on under vastly superior conditions, were 
all brought about by men who forgot the external of 
birth, wealth, apparel and felt the world's pulse, sensed 
its heart beats so to speak, realized the internal man, 
men who felt "I am what I am," and made the world 
acknowledge the same without a word of assertion or 
explanation. 

The ponderous wheels of modern civilization are rolling 
on and on irresistibly and if at the present stage of ad- 
vancement, we are hearing discordant sounds, this does 
not mean that the mechanism is out of order, but rather 



34 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

that the mills of God, the mills of equity, are struggling 
with a heavy grist as they separate the chaff from the 
wheat, that the latter may be utilized in the upbuilding 
of future generations, in a way that will make for the 
good of the many and not the few. 

Unfortunately we have created class distinction where 
none should exist. As taught in the Scriptures, the foot 
though it be the member reaching down to the earth, is 
just as essential as the hand or the eye, and the hand 
cannot say to the foot it is not a part of the body, nor 
can the eye say to the hand, "I have no need of thee." 
Every member of the human body is essential to make 
up the complete body, and no member is to be subjected 
to dishonor because of the position it holds, or the part 
it performs. 

The great body politic, has different members, skilled 
and unskilled labor, employer and capitalist ; one is fully 
as essential as the other in the present stage of our exis- 
tence, and should receive instinctive and intelligent 
justice from the body politic. 

Nature yields her tribute; direct, only to him who seeks 
to obtain it in a legitimate way, her best is only in the 
reach of effort, and it must many times be persistent 
effort to win from her. The fault lies between the recip- 
ient and the giver, and not in nature, when the party 
who obtains from nature, the product of her bounty, 
chooses to give it to some one who has not made any 
effort. 



MANHOOD, HOW PERSONIFIED? 35 

The noblest minds of the world to-day are agitating 
the question of a living wage for all honest toil of hands 
as well as brain, and they are going to force such a wage, 
by an intelligent vote of all the people. This will event- 
ually abolish all the wrongs of a speculation that forces 
the food necessary to sustain human life up to a point of 
cost where it is beyond the reach of the very class whose 
toil produces this food, more than this, the very class 
who are bearing the children and perpetuating the life of 
our race, and in a healthy or unhealthy condition. 

This awful struggle for existence, these heart throbs 
of anguish, this wrestling with sickness and pain, fighting 
the battle with death, calling for that which they cannot 
obtain, by the worthy, will soon be a thing of the past 
that we would like to forget. God hasten the day. 

T. P. Scully, M.D. 



Words. 
" Let gentle words soothe woe and pain, 
We shall not pass this way again ! " 

" Little things, yes little things, 

Make up the sum of life ; 

A word, a look, a single tone 

May raise, or calm, a strife." 

In idle wishes fools supinely stay, 

Be there a will and wisdom finds a way. — Crabbe. 



The Most Important Adjunct of a Present Day 

Education is a Popular Knowledge About 

Public Health, — Why? 



WE see people are broadening each year in their 
religious views. "They are from Missouri," so 
to speak, they swallow very little except 
there is a grain of logic between premise and conclusion. 
Very few people of intelligence will co-operate very heart- 
ily or efficiently in what they do not understand let the 
subject be what it may. Very important then it is that 
the subject paramount to the health (of the highest now 
known), specimen of the animal kingdom, should be 
understood by the individuals of this mass. The sur- 
geon, physician, the student of medicine and right living, 
is the chief engineer, but the rank and file will not follow 
like slaves or Japanese soldiers any more, they must 
understand the reason for following this or that rule of 
hygiene, or following this or that regulation, hence they 
are, as assistant engineers, the most potent factors in 
their own individual, personal, freedom from disease, 
and more nearly normal development. 

These modern chief engineers of public health, be they 
who they may, have to face the fear of losing professional 
caste when they take the public into their confidence, 
interpret and popularize the idea of a general medical 
education, therefore they must be a high order of men, 
brave and unselfish. The world has these and many of 



POPULAR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PUBLIC HEALTH. 37 

them and will support them in the proportion as it is 
taught and learns and gains confidence in their know- 
ledge, ability and sincerity. 

We want increasingly aggressive and effective cam- 
paigns for public health, we want them before more 
handicaps are placed upon present and future generations 
in the form of incompetents. 

We shall not be satisfied until every adult shall have 
become a wage earner that is more than self-supporting, 
''Ultima Thule." Is it possible? Yes. How? Every- 
body busy to take care of number one and as many more 
as possible in the right way. 

The world has always known that gluttony and intem- 
perance debase and shorten life, destroying every virtue, 
corrupting governments, spreading pestilence, and de- 
stroying nations, but has never rightly realized that na- 
ture is the benevolent nursing mother of humanity if 
rightly approached and that every substance in the uni- 
verse embodies the Divine benevolence to man, not 
merely in luscious, tempting foods but in all things that 
exist not only in the grosser substance but in its finest 
particles, the molecule, the atom, the auram, the essen- 
tial spirit of each. Nothing is inert, and there is nothing 
that may not be beneficent. Proficient scientists have 
shown the smallest grain of sand potential for human 
relief from infirmity. The poison of the rattlesnake is 
equally as beneficial when wisely handled. The very 
word poison, as it is generally understood, expresses the 



38 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

ignorance of man not any malignity of natures elements. 
Everything is good to the wise but the children of this 
juvenile world are continually burning their fingers. 
Medicine in the nineteenth century is truly progressive, 
but the dietetics which prevent instead of merely alle- 
viating suffering will soon over-shadow all previous 
efforts for the benefit of humanity. 

A complete scientific diet will soon meet and conquer 
all diseases, and a practical knowledge of all this will be 
given the rising generations in their public school work. 
All this instruction and the production of ever}" article 
of food scientifically prepared to meet the individual 
deficiency in diet and produce a proper proportion of 
bone, nerve, muscle, fat, etc., a normal body, mind and 
soul — will be accomplished at one half the expense, one 
half the skill and industry given now to druggery and 
palatable medicines. 

We must get back to nature to be what God meant us 
to be. The centenarians have been those people who 
kept a mental note of the diet that seemed to be best 
adapted to their individual needs as also of the amount 
of exercise or work necessary to insure its digestion. The 
only medicine, so called, was herb drinks, animal products, 
clay, etc., the knowledge of which had. also, been men- 
tally noted and passed down from generation to genera- 
tion. 

Real medical science was evolved by the people. 
Some scientists, even, acknowledge that nine tenths of 



POPULAR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PUBLIC HEALTH. 39 

the medicines, in general use, were brought into use by 

the common people, mostly women, and were slowly, 

reluctantly and suspiciously adopted by the doctors, and 

the best medical journals have many times been obliged 

to acknowledge that the most potent medicines in use 

at the present time are those the knowledge of which, 

was of very early origin. 

Mrs. T. P. Scully. 



''Oh, this is the season when man's feeling sluggish, 
his system is loaded with various ills; he spends all his 
roubles for remedies druggish, and swallows five bushels 
of certified pills. His blood is depraved and his liver is 
balky, there's fur on his tongue and a boil on his knee, 
and often he longs, when he's feeling so rocky, for bur- 
dock and boneset and sassafras tea. Ah, where is the 
noble old beldame who brewed it, the tea of our fathers 
that healed them so quick? The good dame who boiled 
it and stirred it and stewed it, and flooded the works 
of the folks who were sick? She's gone, the yarb woman ! 
A foolish world mocked her, she's sailing out now on a 
cascara sea, and we must all go to the doctor and drug- 
gist, we can't have a swig of her sassafras tea. My 
blood's out of whack, and my stummack is fussy, I go 
to the druggist, the ailing man's hope. 

He mixes some poison that's messy and mussy 
and charges three bones for a dime's worth of dope. My 
diaphragm's sore and my collar bone itches, from pain 
and discomfort I seldom am free, and often I yearn for 
the old fashioned witches who brewed up their cauldrons 
of sassafras tea. ' 



Medical Sociology 



THE triumphs of modern medicine have been in 
discovering the causes of disease, making it 
possible to make diagnoses, instead of merely 
giving descriptions of symptoms. Important it is that 
some of these very wise heads have stumbled onto the 
fact that all of the causes of well known disease are not 
wholly medical. 

To study and teach the contributing causes such as 
poverty, bad air, neglect that come from governmental 
or individual ignorance or greed should be the province 
and mission of " Medical Sociology." 

The leaders in such a work should be noble, broad 
minded, well read, sincere, capable men and women, 
those cherishing a determination that society shall gain 
and not lose through their efforts, those who appreciate 
the fact that the results of scientific research are facts; 
the results of wise charity are social betterments; those 
who can feel that degeneration due to success and good 
fortune is equally as destructive as the degeneration due 
to poverty and bad luck and should receive just as much 
attention from a eugenic point of view. 

Those who realize that the responsibility of too good 
homes and the care and worry incumbent upon the oc- 
cupants also kills and drives insane too often. One of 






MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY. 41 

our leading medical men has said "You can kill a man by 
bad housing as surely as with an axe." You can also kill 
a man by too much rich food more surely than by not 
enough food or food of the plainest kind. The plainest 
food is always palatable, unless your appetite is depraved, 
and is always more nourishing because it is more easily 
digested, as well as for the fact that its component parts 
are more readily assimilable, more nearly what the sys- 
tem needs, and not so exceptionally appetizing as to 
delude one into eating such an undue amount as to bring 
him under the ban of being called a gormandizer. 

A gormandizer, whether rich or poor, has a very short 
period of real comfort and usefulness in the world. He 
soon begins to show a mental dullness that is always the 
outcome of waste material in the system, especially the 
brain ; he has a pain here and there caused by blockades 
of filth that the system has been unable to throw off, 
his motor power becomes more and more seriously inter- 
fered with on account of these dams of foreign substance 
in his life currents and he begins to wonder why he is 
growing prematurely old; why he has lost the vivacity 
and sprightliness of youth that leaves him deficient in 
eagerness for venture, sport and thrilling narrative, that 
once played such an important part in the role of his 
existence ; why it is getting to be such an effort for him to 
get out of bed, or up and down in his chair; why work 
is not play as of yore. 



4 2 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS ANSWERED. 

That the vast majority of civilized persons eat too 
much food, and that the ordinary diet is not adapted to 
anyone, is fortunately recognized, by many along toward 
middle life, and they generally set to work to select a 
more restricted diet thus partially repairing the ravages 
previously produced and, in a measure, preventing them 
from increasing, but, this late reform, in quantity and 
choice of food, is ordinarily of little or no value to the 
race because it generally begins after the period of child 
bearing, hence from generation to generation each 
child begins life under more and more of a handicap from 
the time of conception, a predisposition to disease, so 
called, from a poisoned condition of the system of father 
or mother or both. 

Is it a wonder then that in large cities such as Paris 
few families are prominent for more than three genera- 
tions. Is it a wonder that the Elite of a country are thus 
becoming extinct as soon as formed, except it maintains 
itself by constant accessions from the masses of the people 
among whom invigorating labor, restraint and temper- 
ance in all things are the rule, because of the fact that 
they have not the means to procure more and richer or 
more stimulating food and drink than is good for them. 

That the laboring class must be continually comple- 
menting the rich through matrimonial alliances, in order 
to preserve the human race, will be a self evident fact 
until such time as the rich shall have studied the out- 
come of choice of food and manner of living, on their 



MEDICAL SOCIOLOGY. 43 

physical make up, and will sacrifice some of these false 
satisfactions for the children and children's children that 
through their agency are likely to form an insane, feeble- 
minded, criminal portion of future generations or a class 
of strong fearless, noble-minded men and women. 

While scientific research is struggling with the prob- 
lem of the abstraction of the power of procreation from 
the unfit let them not forget that the outcome will never 
be satisfactory until the so called fit are educated suffi- 
ciently in preventive medicine, the right manner of 
living, to assure society that, a rlew bunch fully as unfit 
as the first, will not become the donation of the so called, 
fit, to each succeeding generation. 

Eugenics has a threefold task, that of studying the 
social cause of disease, educating the general public in 
preventive medicine, harmful drugs, temperance in 
all things, and last but not the least difficult, hold in 
check the rash, blood thirsty, money grabbing element 
of the medical profession. 

Mrs. T. P. Scully. 



Oh sad state 
Of human wretchedness; so weak is man, 
So ignorant and blind, that did not God 
Sometimes withhold in mercy what we ask 
We should be ruined at our own request. 

— Hannah More. 



What is the Cause of Sterility in Women? 



THIS is a subject that has claimed too little atten- 
tion in the education of our people. Many a 
woman has stood the taunts and abuse of her 
husband and her husband's people and many so called 
friends because she was childless, when the fault was not 
at her door. Especial work along this line has recently 
brought to light the fact that fifty out of seventy five 
cases can be traced directly to the husband. Now for 
the sake of my boys and your boys let us give them 
the truth — the truth that false modesty has kept from 
them far too long — and let the blame fall where it honest- 
ly belongs, and thereby give the coming generations a 
chance to remedy the mistakes that we and our ancestors 
have made. The first thing that your boy or mine should 
know is that all functions of the human body are god 
given and are perfectly proper and right in their legal 
place. He should be taught to come to his parents, 
teachers, physician, minister or priest for all the infor- 
mation he wants regarding his normal or abnormal 
body, all his normal or abnormal functions and normal 
or abnormal tendencies. They are or should be the ones 
that have his best interest at heart, who have made some 
definite study of his physical and mental make-up, who 
know something of his ancestry, and he should receive a 
thoughtful, careful, straightforward, manly or womanly 



CAUSE OF STERILITY IN WOMEN? 45 

answer, that is according to the instructors best knowl- 
edge and belief, that which will tend to strengthen his 
better self. 

One of our greater lights in medicine has said: "Eat 
right, sleep right, think right, and all parts of your body 
will behave themselves." This thought could be read 
over a great many times and each thought it refers to 
could be studied for days, weeks, months, and years by 
individuals with different degrees of mental calibre and 
then the depth and breadth will not have been fathomed 
and not one perhaps will have placed himself in the place 
of the author when he spoke, but we can do the best we 
know and God will bless the effort. 

There is a discussion now going on among our leading 
medical men regarding the desperate need of sexual 
instruction for our boys and girls, yes the fathers and 
mothers (who had no instruction in their own youth and 
have imbibed many false ideas from the wretched quack 
literature, published solely for large fees and not for the 
benefit of humanity), that the insanity, imbecility, the 
getting of women drunk from impure motives, the diseases 
that have made the need of hundreds and thousands of 
surgical operations on women, the untold number of 
deaths, chronic invalidism at all ages, and in every walk of 
life, in short the destruction of the homes of our land be 
lessened. To go back to my subject, strictly speaking, I 
will say the first and most important cause of sterility 
in women is a diseased condition, that she may get in 



46 PERTAINING TO BABY. 



many ways, such as, sitting on an unsanitary closet, un- 
clean hands or instruments used at childbirth, etc., but 
that she generally gets from a man, who is, or at some- 
time has been, the victim of a venereal disease. Such 
cases as these are often called ''One child sterility," 
the woman has conceived and borne a child, or had 
a miscarriage shortly after marriage. When the woman 
became pregnant, she also became infected with the 
husbands latent disease, which destroyed certain tissues 
of her body after the baby was born, and made further 
conception impossible. You must understand me that 
there are many cases of sterility in women that are in 
no way connected with the above, nor do they emanate 
from the source of any kind of infection, among them are 
displacement of the uterus, tumors in the uterus, ovaries 
or tubes, an excessive acid condition of the blood, ab- 
sence of the vulva or vagina, any mal-formation, or a 
seriously impoverished condition of the patient. 

I will speak first of displacements of the uterus because 
the majority of cases can be easily remedied, once an 
examination is made and the condition understood, if 
you have confidence in your family physician, and he is 
accessible, go to him and get a correct diagnosis of your 
case, but if for any reason you can not do this, don't 
suffer this condition to remain, because it isn't natural 
and anything unnatural becomes more and more a detri- 
ment to the whole nervous system, hence the whole 
being. You can and should know you own whole physi- 



CAUSE OF STERILITY IN WOMEN? 47 

cal make-up, and in a partially sitting position, over a 
warm bath with castile soap, or better a little borax, 
any woman can bathe the whole internal mucous 
surface of the vagina, and easily find out whether the 
neck of the womb, or uterus, is tipped toward the back, 
or front, or side, instead of in the center, as it should be, 
and unless the uterus is very high can tell whether it is 
larger or heavier than it should be. Once you find the 
difficulty assist nature by a little pack of soft wool, or 
other material used for such purposes, I have known 
several women who cured themselves by using a small 
pack of cheese cloth, absorbent cotton, or even soft 
tissue paper (but great care must be taken not to let 
the pack get hard enough to irritate the tender mucous 
surface, else one might have done more harm than good), 
either behind or in front of the neck of the uterus, as the 
case requires. These packs may be saturated with a 
soothing antiseptic that will cleanse the vaginal vault 
and keep it in a healthy condition. I prefer "Wampole's 
Antiseptic Solution" but there are many kinds on the 
market from standard houses, and you are safe in expect- 
ing results from any one of them if you get a sealed bottle. 
Salt and water will do wonders in many cases where tone 
is needed. If your trouble is an enlarged uterus the pack 
should be saturated with some remedy that will drain 
the water from the walls of the uterus as well as the sur- 
rounding tissue, leaving it smaller, hence lighter, thus 
assisting natures support, the ligaments above to draw it 



PERTAINING TO BABY. 

up where it rightfully belongs. (I prefer Ichthyol or 
Iehtholdine, but there are other standard remedies that 
are good.) 

Mal-formation, growths of any kind anywhere that 
interfere in any way with conception should be taken 
care of by a competent surgeon, but an Impoverished 
Condition of the Blood, oftener than one realizes, be- 
longs to the dentist. One gets little or no benefit from 
food that is not chewed and thoroughly mixed with the 
saliva. So you better go without a portion of the food 
and pay the dentist to fix your teeth. Sometimes a tonic 
selected by a good doctor, or someone who is competent 
to :udge the need, is essential, but oftener (in my experi- 
ence) plain food that contains the varied elements that 
will build bone, muscle, fat, brain, nerve, etc., less alco- 
hol to destroy the same, employment, exercise and fresh 
air, and a trust in the Lord that does away with the worry 
that is consuming all the nerve force of the present gener- 
ation is better. 

There is one more very important condition that is 
often the cause of sterility in women, that is a discharge 
from the vagina that is excessively acid (in medical terms 
we say hyper-acid). This discharge destroys the vitality 
of the spermatozoa. A piece of litmus paper will often 
give a clue to the condition, but as a home method of 
diagnosis I have seen a pinch of soda used in the vaginal 
discharge when it would foam as if in sour milk or vine- 
gar. When this condition is present in the vagina one 



CAUSE OF STERILITY IN WOMEN? 49 

may look to see a similar condition of all the mucous 
surfaces. I always look for a red and tender tongue as 
a first clue to this acid vagina.. This can be changed to 
an alkaline reaction by systemic treatment, but I have 
always recommended warm douches of soda water (one 
teaspoon common baking soda to the quart) locally to 
hasten the return to a normal condition, which is always 
alkaline. I have had several cases where I found no other 
reason for couples being childless save this excessively 
acid condition of the vagina and I have in each case 
succeeded in removing the obstacle and they have borne 
children. 

A woman may do much for herself with home rem- 
edies, and still more under the instruction of a competent 
physician or surgeon, when it would be next to impossible 
for many, with limited means, to pay for the doctors 
services, for details, until the result is a permanent cure, 
and we know that anything short of a permanent cure 
is very unsatisfactory to everybody concerned, as well 
as of little real use to the party treated. 

That the procreative organs of human beings, both 
male and female, should be kept in a clean healthy condi- 
tion, and how best to reach and educate the masses 
regarding this important measure is one of the subjects 
much discussed, among our leading lights in medicine as 
as of major importance to present and future generations. 

"Know thyself" is my solution of the problem, and 
my wife wishes to add "Know God." "God is love." 



Preface to Care of the Baby, or Baby's 
Welcome 



HAPPY indeed is the baby who is welcomed into a 
home where he is the chief concern of his loving 
parents. If these parents be spared he will be 
sure to get the best care that their circumstances will 
permit, and that will be all that this little embryo of 
humanity has a crying necessity for, for it will mold and 
make him into a being of the kind that will assure him of 
being taken up by those who are capable and will carry 
him on and on up into a higher life, the highest in fact 
of which he is capable. Understand me, love is the first 
essential of life. Let this Thought be rightly comprehend- 
ed and dwelt upon and digested by you and the founda- 
tion is assured for a noble life, for your boy or girl. A 
loving nature will assure him or her of a welcome into 
every worthy home, all worthy society in this land, where 
it is needful that he or she should go, because "love 
begets love", and if people love a child, a man, a woman, 
they will want their presence. The most humble home 
can be a home of culture, a home where intellectuality 
and refinement are combined with moral enthuasiasm, 
and high ideals hold a sway that keeps children hunger- 
ing and thirsting for more intellectual development, 
more educational advantages that the world has an 
abundance of and is only waiting for this suitable soil to 
bestow it's bounty. 



CARE OF THE BABY. 5 I 

While it is possible to indulge children too much it is 
never probable that they will be loved too much, or 
petted too much. There are thousands of hearts in this 
world that are hungering for a taste of sympathy and 
love, a sympathy and love that is legitimate and right, 
a sisterly love, a brotherly love, a motherly love, a love 
of God for humanity. 

It is deplorable that so many babies are born into 
homes where they are not welcome, where from concep- 
tion to birth, from birth through their period of depen- 
dence, they are made to feel that they are in the way and 
a burden. The reason for this, to some, seems obscure 
but the people who live close to God and nature, intui- 
tively, instinctively sense the reason. Viz, We can give 
no more than we get. We get no more than we seek, 
those who do not seek the love of God do not realize 
that of a truth "God is Love," and this fountain of love 
can never be exhausted, that we have only to draw and 
draw and draw from the great source, cling, depend, and 
sense the need and comfort of a Heavenly Fathers' loving 
care and protection to have an abundance of this love in 
our own hearts and be able to give it, lavishly too, not 
only the dear little dependents that God has seen fit to 
bless our homes with but every one with whom we meet 
and mingle. "Out of the fullness of the heart the mouth 
speaketh". Yes and the look speaks and the touch of the 
hand speaks. 



52 PERTAINING TO BABY 



Parents who have seen fit to claim from God the love 
that rightfully belongs to them will cease to worry about 
their own or their children's future because they will 
know that God will care for them. The energy they have 
exhausted in worrying will be transferred to nobler pur- 
poses, and will accomplish nobler ends. These nobler 
ends will eventually assure all humanity of a sustenance, 
and every baby will be assured a welcome in happiness 
and comfort by fathers and mothers and relatives whose 
hearts are overflowing with love for them. Remember 
this "Your child will love you and depend on you in the 
same degree that you love God and depend on Him." 
The assurance you get from your Heavenly Father you 
give to the child that is intuitively reading you day by 
day. The mental and spiritual strength that you daily 
draw you pass down to him as he leans upon you. Father 
where do you stand ? Mother where do you stand ? Do 
you want your child to be loving, strong, trusting? Do 
you want his every act to ring true ? Read, think, digest 
every word of the above. 

" As a child I plead and sought, 
Where is my soul? 
They answered not. 
In later years I plead again, 
Where is my God? 
I plead in vain. 

I wondered where my heaven could be ? 
I saved a waif 
And found all three." 



Before the Baby Comes. 



IT is a fact that ought never to be forgotten that the 
proper care of the baby begins long before it is born 
(longer than nine months before it is born), but we 
will content ourselves to advise you as to its welfare. 
From the time of conception, only in this Essay, trusting 
that you will study carefully our essays on childhood, 

YOUTH, MATURITY, MIDDLE LIFE. To show VOU any 

errors in the care and instruction you received, and help 
you to profit by them, now, not for your self alone (what- 
ever your age may be) , but for the child or children that 
it may be your good fortune to bring into the world — a 
care, comfort and blessing to your soul — during all your 
future years, Eternity. 

The first thought I will leave with you is that a woman 
should never bear a child by a man that she does not 
dearly love, — one whom she is willing to lay down her 
life for if need be. A man should never be the father of a 
child except he would be willing to make every sacrifice, 
lay down his life if need be for that child or its mother. 
If the above conditions exist at the time of conception 
the contracting parties will consciously or unconsciously, 
have complied with the first requisite essential to the 
future bearing of a normal, healthy, loving Godly-child, 
one, other things being equal, that will prove a lasting 
blessing to the world. 



54 PERTAINING TO BABY. 



The second thought I will leave with these contracting 
parties is to keep up this devotion to each other, forgive 
and be forgiven. If any little differences arise, pet and 
be petted every day, show your devotion by little atten- 
tions, sacrifices, if need be, the same as, yes in a sweeter, 
kinder way, than you did before, because you are a part 
of each others life now, and what hurts one hurts both, 
yes more, hurts irreparably, the child that through your 
agency, with no choice of it's own, will have a good, 
better or best, body, brain, disposition, soul, during all 
its future existence here or hereafter. Stop and think 
you would be father, stop and think you would be mother, 
don't be criminally negligent where the future existence 
of your own little innocent is hanging in the balance. 

The third thought I will leave with these contracting 
parties, is don't be ashamed of your prospective mother- 
hood or fatherhood, don't be ashamed of the conditions 
through which God has seen fit to bestow upon you the 
promise of this priceless little gift — your baby. 

Be proud that your ancestors have, that you have, led 
a life so pure, that your procreative powers are normal. 

Don't allow a look, a sneer, a jeer to disturb you, 
possibly the contributor is thus relieving a heartache 
caused by his or her inability to enjoy a similar condi- 
tion. 

The fourth thought I will leave with you is — take care 
of your body, mind and soul continually — this means 
for the body, proper food, exercise, clothing, plenty of 



BEFORE THE BABY COMES. 55 

fresh air and proper baths, prompt evacuation of the 
bowels and emptying of the bladder; for the mind 
contentment, joy, comfort ; for the soul purity of thought, 
purity of heart, honesty of purpose, ever remembering 
what I have said before that this regimen, condition, 
state, must be enjoyed by both parties to be effective, 
because what effects one effects both and through them 
the would be new comer. 

The fifth thought I would leave with you is lay by 
sufficient to insure proper care for mother and babe, and 
insure for father a vacation of at least a week that he may 
minister to and comfort the partner of his life during 
this most trying time of suffering and anxiety. 

The sixth thought I would leave with you is — Make 
every preparation for a healthy normal child — this means 
have your urine anlyzed your nipples hardened, your 
teeth nourished, and hand towels, ether or chloroform, 
brandy, vinegar, antiseptic tablets, a fountain syringe, a 
new soft rubber catheter, one or two china basins, a bed 
pan, absorbent cotton, a pound package of salicylated 
cotton, carbolized cotton, rubber cloth, a yard wide, a 
whole piece of cheese bandage for pads, unbleached mus- 
lin for bandaging, carbolized vaseline, something to 
protect the carpet, safety pins all sizes, fresh fluid ex- 
tract of ergot (ergot that has been exposed to the light 
or air turns to poison and must not be used) . Hot water 
in abundance. 



56 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

Now if you haven't all the above and haven't the means 
to procure them conveniently you are just as well off 
as the mothers of some of our great men, Presidents of 
the United States, etc., who substituted what they did 
have, and possibly your baby, be it boy or girl, will 
fill as honored a position. 

This you must remember, that whatever you do use 
must be perfectly clean else you might infect mother or 
babe and this infection might cost a life. 



Wisdom. 

Wise men never sit and bewail their loss, 
But cheerily seek how to redress their harms. 

— Henry VI. 

Wisdom is the only thing which can relieve us from 
the sway of passions and the fear of danger, and which 
can teach us to bear the injuries of fortune itself with 
moderation, and which shows us all the ways which lead 
to tranquility and peace. — Younge's Cicero. 

Wisdom does not show itself so much in precept as in 
life — in a firmness of mind and mastering of appetite. 
It teaches us to do as well as to talk, and to make our 
actions and words all of one color. — Seneca. 



When the Baby Arrives. 



THE first thing to do when the baby arrives is to 
wipe out its mouth and nose and eyes, some- 
times it is necessary to put a drop of argyrol 
in each eye but this can be done a little later. If the 
baby does not breathe right or at all slap and shake it, 
put it in warm water, etc. Don't give up. Then tie 
the cord in two places an inch and a half to two inches 
from the child's abdomen, leaving space to cut between 
the ties. It is best to wait if possible until the afterbirth 
has come, before you sever the cord. (Unless there are 
sufficient help to have both done at the same time, the 
baby should now be wrapped in a blanket, while the 
mother is cared for.) The afterbirth should be taken as 
soon as possible, because the hemorrhage generally 
keeps up until it does come. The older people used to 
wrap the navel string in a clean piece of linen that had 
been soaked in hot mutton tallow, and there is no better 
way, but corn starch is good. A pound of corn starch 
in which a teaspoonful of boracic acid has been thor- 
oughly mixed and add a drop of the oil of rose is the 
very best powder you can possibly use for mother or 
babe, but don't think if a little is good much is better, 
and put on enough boracic acid to preserve the cord 
so that it won't slough off at all. 



58 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

A weak boracic acid solution, a teaspoonful to the quart 
of boiled water makes a fine wash for baby or mother, 
a teaspoonful to two quarts for eyes, ears, nose and 
mouth. (Always dry the ears carefully lest you chill 
the delicate membranes.) If the nipples are washed, 
thus, every time the baby nurses, it will keep the mouth 
healthy, but, as I said above, don't overdo the thing 
(the mother's nipples should be hardened by this wash 
of Wampole's formolid, or a few paintings with Iodine, 
and, if not inclined to protrude sufficiently to allow the 
prospective child to nurse with comfort, they should be 
pulled and massaged into shape before its arrival). 
It is the custom of many doctors to break the nipple 
string when a girl baby is born, this is done by several 
slight massages or drawing out the few drops of milk 
that are generally present, or some slight pulling of the 
tiny nipples (great care should be exercised or more 
harm than good will be done) . A real mother will nurse 
her baby if possible, read what I have said elsewhere 
on this subject. The next important thing to be done 
is to care for the boys if the slitting operation, stretch- 
ing or circumsion are necessary and the girls need the 
same care exercised in regard to the clitoris. I have 
seen much harm come from neglect of these essentials, 
among them partial paralysis, bladder strain, bed- 
wetting, etc. I saw one boy with the foreskin so long 
that his bowels moved every time he passed urine, the 
straining was so great, and he was not operated on until 



WHEN THE BABY ARRIVES. 59 

1 6 or 1 8 months old. I knew one girl that had a gather- 
ing over the end of the clitoris, from which she had been 
absorbing pus until she had open sores over her body, 
and the doctor had presumably fed her calomel, sup- 
posedly for syphilistic taint (which she had never had 
until she picked out her teeth and laid them on the 
table. A thorough examination revealed the true cause 
of the trouble, and by pulling the parts open as you 
would a kitten's eye, and cleaning out the pus and a 
cheesy, calcarious deposit that had formed in the shape 
of a ball, the child that has been a constant care for 
sixteen weeks, whining and crying almost night and 
day, skin and bones, became a happy, healthy baby. 
I have had several experiences with cases of this kind, 
where the children scratched and rubbed themselves 
for relief until the parents were much exercised over 
habits they had formed, one child that had rubbed her 
ankles together until there was an open sore on the top 
of one and the bottom of the other ankle, and when the 
adherent skin was loosened from the clitoris the child 
became normal in that respect. 

One might imagine that this sort of condition would 
be remedied by the rubbing incident upon the washing 
and cleansing of those parts, but I find all too many 
mothers who seem to feel they must not touch that 
part of their child's anatomy, they seem to have an 
idea it would be very easily injured. Such is not the 
case and especial pains should be taken to get and keep 



60 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

these parts in a normal, clean, healthy condition, and 
when this is no longer the mother's duty the child 
should be taught how, and the necessity of a continu- 
ation of proper care in regard to the cleanliness es- 
pecially of these parts of the body. 

That this is very important I have found from the 
fact that there are many middle-aged women, some of 
them have borne large families of children, and yet 
never sensed an orgasm; this is contrary to nature, 
and generally not only leaves them either nervous 
wrecks, or with some chronic sore or inflamed condition 
from the reaction that takes place because the orgasm 
has not relieved the congested parts, but the husband 
is generally a conscious or unconscious, silent or vehe- 
ment, unsatisfied or dissatisfied partner or sharer in 
the wife's state. A slight operation often brings about 
a normal condition and perfect harmony in the home. 
This operation is simple and the condition if it exists 
should be found at the child's birth or soon thereafter 
by the family physician. There has been too much of 
what is often termed delicacy, but what I call false 
modesty among parents and also doctors in regard to 
these things. 

Keep your baby warmly wrapped (but be sure the 
air in the room is changed every day, many babies are 
weak and sickly from oxygen starvation) for the first 
few weeks of its life. It needs the same care that a hen 
gives her chicks — the warmth of the mother's body, 



WHEN THE BABY ARRIVES. 6l 

and woolen blankets, to continue the hatching process, 
or, in other words, not discontinue it too abruptly. 
A little of what is commonly called horse sense (it 
might be called hen sense and not be a misnomer) is 
essential if we would have the baby grow and thrive 
right. 

After baby has been oiled and wiped and finally 
washed and dressed, you must see that its clothing all 
hangs loosely from the shoulders, a belly band (except 
it be of knit goods that will stretch) is productive of 
more harm than good, in many ways. Your baby's 
belly is just as strong as any other part of its body, 
why tie it up and cut off the circulation as you do, 
always, except the band is in perfect position continually. 

Don't put on so many diapers that you make your 
baby bow-legged, keep off the stockings and shoes as 
long as possible. 



Great hearts alone understand how much glory there 
is in being good. — Michelet. 

Howe'er it be, it seems to me 

'Tis only noble to be good; 
Kind hearts are more than coronets 

And simple faith than Norman blood. 

— Tennyson. 



Caution for the Future Mother. 



THE first I will mention is the care of her heart. 
While a mother has been carrying her unborn 
child her heart is being continually over- 
worked, its walls are in a relaxed state, its vessels dis- 
tended, and the blood itself has changed its nature in 
many ways because of the added burden (that of build- 
ing bone, muscle, fat, etc., for the baby) it has been 
carrying. Now after the baby is born these blood 
vessels all contract, some slowly, others more rapidly, 
and the heart is weak — so-called. A heart clot is often 
formed during the first week by some slight over exertion, 
that of walking too rapidly, jumping up quickly in case 
of alarm or accident, sleeping with the arms over the 
head (which causes extra pumping of the heart to carry 
the blood to the finger tips), and, most important, 
that of the patient combing her own hair, especially if 
her hair is long and heavy. Once a clot is formed, a 
bath, an injection (if it should cause the patient to 
faint), surprise, anything that causes the heart to stand 
still for an instant, is likely to clog the valve and the 
patient expires. If care is exercised for a season the 
clot will be washed to pieces by the blood current. 
The doctor or nurse is generally blamed for this out- 
come, when of a truth there are a great many women 
who only laugh at the advice and caution given them 
along this line, and pay no heed to it whatever, some, 
even, who have known of friends dying in this way feel 



CAUTION FOR THE FUTURE MOTHER. 63 

a positive assurance that nothing of the kind will ever 
happen to them. Remember for me ''the unexpected 
often happens." You can't afford to take a chance 
when by it you are likely to deprive your baby of a 
mother's loving care, and, worst of all, in its tender 
infancy. 

The same condition that distends the valves of the 
heart likewise distends the blood vessels all over the 
body, especially those in the lower limbs and we have 
a condition called varicose veins as the outcome. These 
often go to an advanced state, break open, run, and 
burn and itch and are very difficult to heal. Every 
prospective mother should have her urine analyzed 
immediately her limbs begin to swell, and if under a 
competent doctor's care the condition cannot be wholly 
relieved, medically, the limbs should be bandaged a 
part or all of the time to keep the blood vessels more 
nearly their normal size. It is advisable, sometimes, 
to wear a rubber stocking all or a part of the time, 
and don't let me hear one mother say that she can't 
afford it, because the truth is you can't afford to suffer 
and lose weeks, and years and months, of your later 
life, from active useful service. 

The third caution I would offer is — Don't eat too 
much during the period you are carrying your baby. 
You will be exceptionally hungry during this time, 
everything will taste good, and you will unconsciously 
overload. The distress you experience soon after, and 
the fermented, rotted food that poisons your system 



64 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

will poison the system of your baby also. Keep your 
health good, no excesses, if not for your own sake, for 
the sake of giving your baby a healthy little body, 
exceptional little brain, a skin that is fair and smooth, 
not covered with eczema, etc. See what I have said 
elsewhere. 

The fourth caution I would offer is — Don't wear a 
corset that will cut off the circulation and aggravate 
the above conditions or bring on worse ones — the mis- 
placing of the internal organs, or the curving of the 
ribs until they puncture the liver — but rather wear a 
rubber abdominal support (one can be carefully fitted, 
two thicknesses of unbleached cotton) to aid nature 
where she chances to be weak, prevent ruptures, etc., 
and have your clothing all suspended from the shoulders 
if possible, no tight bands or elastic around the body 
or limbs, and then wonder why your limbs are numb 
or cold or swollen, or why you experience difficulty in 
breathing. 

The fifth caution I would offer is — Don't shut your- 
self out of the world, mingle with your friends, take 
long walks, the same as you always have, be cheerful 
and keep busy and active with mind and body, right 
up to the last moment. These all keep your nerves 
right and influence the intellectuality of your child. 

Sixth, I would caution you to keep your hands out 
of cold water before the baby is born, but especially 
after, because it always, with most people, makes the 
milk indigestible and you have a fretful, crying baby. 



How the Baby Looks and its Development. 



ANEW-BORN baby is certainly not pretty. It 
has a head altogether too big for its body, and 
generally misshapen because of the pulling and 
jamming it got in making its arrival. Its legs are 
bowed, its little face is as red as a lobster. It has no 
teeth, it is bald-headed. The things that it has to 
recommend it are its soft delicate skin and flesh, its 
innocence and its helplessness. The mother love, the 
father love, if normal, however, overlook all this be- 
cause they know the head will assume its normal shape, 
all bunches disappear, scratches heal if they are acci- 
dents of birth, skin become fair and soft and white, 
the body grow so fast that it is more nearly in keeping 
with the size of the head, the legs straighten, the hair 
comes in and sometimes fall out again, and later will 
come that first precious little tooth. Now we almost 
feel sorry to lose the baby in its innocence and help- 
lessness, but this feeling is partially overcome by the 
very fascination of its daily development, and, strange 
to say, we really get anxious to see it take its first step, 
and right here every mother needs a little caution — 
Don't hurry about getting your baby on its feet, you 
had better be a little patient, yes, even let some other 
mother's baby be a little smarter in this respect, than 



66 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

to have your little boy or girl lose forever the shapeliness 
of its little legs, and, by their condition, its graceful 
walk and whole carriage of the body. Don't worry if 
the teeth don't appear as soon as you think they should, 
don't allow anyone to lance your baby's gums, this is 
an act of barbarism, and always makes a callous that 
is harder for the little tooth to push through. If you 
do anything, feed the child oatmeal, whole wheat gruel, 
or bread (at the proper age), hypophosphites of lime and 
soda, or other bone-forming material; walking or 
talking come as the controlling portion of the brain 
develops, some children will walk before they talk, 
some talk before they walk. 

Don't worry about the baby's hair unless it has some 
exematous condition, then take it to a specialist, and 
be persistent with your treatment until the last vestige 
of the disease has disappeared. The corn starch and 
boracic acid preparation spoken of as a powder will 
generally clean the baby's head in a requisite number 
of days. Don't dig off what is called the cradle cap. 
It is a provision of nature. 

Don't put any lauded lotions on your baby's skin. 
They do more harm than good, often producing open 
sores. If your baby's skin isn't right look out for the 
bowels, the digestion, fresh air, lots of water to drink, 
etc., as explained elsewhere. External applications are 
of no use if the blood is loaded with impurities that 
keep producing more skin eruptions. 



HOW THE BABY LOOKS AFTER DEVELOPMENT. 67 

Don't worry if your baby is not big and fat, some 
babies build muscle more than others and they are 
often healthier than the too fat ones. Don't allow your 
baby to cry too long at a time, because the habit of 
crying is often formed. Some crying is needed to de- 
velop the lungs, later it crows and laughs to produce 
the same results. If it pulls up its little legs, it is crying 
from pain, remove the cause. 

The baby must sleep a great part of the time until 
it is six months old if you would have it grow and thrive. 
After six months it should take long naps twice a day, 
at least, until it is three or four years old. Sleep, lots 
of it, makes a child strong mentally, as well as bodily. 

Don't bother about normal weight or normal size. 
Keep your baby fed and cared for so it wont worry and 
the proper development will take care of itself in a 
proportion that is in keeping with its nature — ancestors, 
pre-natal conditions, etc., considered. 



He who learns the rules of wisdom, without conform- 
ing to them in his life, is like the man who labored in 
his field but did not sow. — Saadi. 

The wise for cure on exercise depend; 

God never made his work for man to mend. 

— Dry den. 



Regular Habits and How to Encourage Them 



FROM its earliest infancy a child should be taught 
regular habits; the first of these must be its 
eating hour. If the child is normal it should be 
fed every two hours at least for the first six weeks of 
its life, then every three and later every four hours; 
for a small child or a sick child different arrangements 
must be made, often as little as a teaspoonful at a feed- 
ing being given, but it is best to have the advice of your 
family physician or someone of experience who is near 
by to judge, for each individual, in such cases. 

Very many babies have lost their lives eventually 
and unexpectedly because the mother or some grand- 
mother or aunt, oftentimes the father, insisted on the 
baby being fed at the table when it was altogether too 
young. I believe a child should be at least ten months 
old before it has any solid food. If more than the 
mother's milk is needed before this, let it be a good 
brand of condensed milk, or fresh cow's milk or malted 
milk. Mellin's food has its place with children who 
have a tendency to constipation. 

Meat should be withheld from children until they 
are at least three years old. It is indigestible because 
not chewed right and by being washed around in the 
stomach in chunks makes the stomach sore and lame 
and incapable later of digesting even liquid food without 
severe pain in the stomach and intestines. I have 
known several children who lost their lives, some even 



REGULAR HABITS. 69 



as late as seventeen years of age on account of early 
acute indigestion caused by meat eating. Their fathers 
were butchers and believed meat did an infant no harm 
although it cried with the stomach-ache every day 
and every night. 

Starchy foods disagree with some infants because 
they do not have sufficient saliva and pancreatic juice 
to digest them. Whole wheat gruel or corn meal gruel 
(strained for a younger child) are important additions 
to its milk if the milk or baby foods disagree, do not 
sufficiently nourish or they are unattainable in your 
locality. Sour fruits should be kept from the baby 
while it is on a milk diet, especially at feeding time, 
because curdled milk is generally indigestible with all 
babies, and while you may have no immediate bad 
effect from it, there is an after — when the last straw 
breaks the camel's back, so to speak — and at a time 
when you can think of nothing that the child has recently 
eaten to disturb its digestion, it vomits, has diarrhoea, 
colic or constipation. When the child does eat it should 
be taught to chew its food to a paste, this is another 
habit that is essential to its future health, strength and, 
other things being equal, a long life. 

The next important habit for you to encourage is 
the evacuation of the bowels, at least every morning, 
but with some children evening also, and at a regular 
hour. The child, if normal in size, weight, strength and 
mentality, can be put on a comfortable cushioned chair 
at two months of age. The wetting of diapers can be 



;o PERTAINING TO BABY. 

saved in this way. Our grandmothers used a small 
suppository, homemade, of some pure soap or mutton 
tallow and glycerine (wet and insert carefully in the 
rectum to encourage an evacuation of the bowels for 
the first few times). To-day we have tiny suppositories 
of glycerine especially prepared for babies, and these 
are used when for any reason the child becomes consti- 
pated. It is very important that the bowels should 
move every day. See what I have said elsewhere on 
what to do. It is important that the child should make 
water at regular intervals, also. If some slight difficulty 
arises, pouring water from one dish to another will 
generally produce results, a sort of whistling noise like 
the sound of running water is effective often. Sweet 
spirits of nitre is a home remedy. More serious things 
should be taken to a doctor. 

The next important habit to encourage is that of a 
regular period of exercise every day. (Every child 
should be taken up and turned over every hour at 
least while it is sleeping, this to prevent the circulation 
being cut off too long on one side, as also because if a 
child is laid on one side all the time it will grow one- 
sided, its head especially will show a marked enlarge- 
ment on one side). If it is a healthy child its little legs 
can be rubbed and slapped and it can lie naked for an 
air bath and a good kick every day. 

If it is rubbed all over with corn starch after its 
exercise or air bath, it will prevent its taking cold. You 
can toss and play with baby for a season every day, 



REGULAR HABITS. 7 1 



but ever bear in mind that its little spine should be 
carefully supported always, and care should be exer- 
cised that it gets no falls. 

Sleeping hours should be regular, and the more sleep 
the better so long as the little one does not turn night 
into day. Don't ever cripple your baby's mentality, 
or injure its heart action for life by any soothing syrups 
or dopes, however, to make it sleep. See what we have 
said elsewhere on this subject. If a baby is well and 
comfortable it will sleep all the length of time its par- 
ticular little make-up requires. 

Get your baby in the habit of sleeping in the fresh 
air as much as possible, covered and protected as much 
as is needful from the elements and the light or heat 
of the sun. All too many babies 'eyes are injured in 
this way, yes, totally blinded. 

Don't get in the habit of keeping your baby too 
warmly clad, or wrapped night or day, and don't put 
too little clothing on. You can best judge by placing 
its little hands to your lips, if they are cold it has not 
sufficient clothing on; if the baby perspires at the least 
exertion it is too warmly clad. 

Always have a knit woolen shirt well down over your 
baby's abdomen. It should have buttonholes a half 
inch apart front and back, and the diaper pinned to it 
to hold it in place. Always keep its feet well wrapped 
in woolen pinning blankets, and later cashmere stockings. 

Keep the hands in woolen mittens and a blanket 
around those where occasion requires. Getting the 



72 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

hands cold will give the baby acute indigestion and 
severe colic, the effects of which it will not get over in 
a great while. If the abdomen is exposed, or the feet, 
there will be a like condition of affairs. 

Get in the habit of taking your baby's wraps off the 
moment you get into the house, whether it is your own 
house or that of a friend. With wraps on in the ordinary 
temperature, it will perspire and going into the air 
causes the pores to close and often a chill that is very 
detrimental to its health in more ways than I have time 
to explain here. 

Don't let your baby get in the habit of sucking its 
thumb or fist, and then later tie its hands up in rags 
or behind its back until one is partially paralyzed, 
perhaps, or allow a nurse girl to slap its hands to break 
it of the habit until she injures the muscles of the fingers, 
or shock its nervous system irreparably. (I have seen 
these things done, and the result of them, many times.) 
There is no danger whatever in giving a child a com- 
forter, nor is there any danger in- taking the nipple off 
the bottle and leaving it in the child's mouth as a com- 
forter, the old whim, of the child sucking wind, not- 
withstanding. It is impossible for a child to suck wind, 
try it yourself and see how much you can swallow. 

The air goes into your lungs, and all that you find in 
the stomach is that which is carried in, in the food you 
eat, or that absorbed from surrounding tissues by some 
plant or animal life (in the stomach) that has a great 
affinity for oxygen. 



Who Shall Care For Baby? 



HAPPY indeed should be the mother who is strong 
and healthy; wise and learned; cultured and 
accomplished; and who has the time and means 
and disposition to be her child's caretaker, teacher, 
instructor, guide, molder, and I might almost say maker, 
because a child's earliest impressions are the lasting ones, 
and are so hard to eradicate that they (good or bad, true 
or false, despite the efforts of later instructors or com- 
panions, (follow the receptive minds, all too often, 
through childhood, youth, manhood, age — to the grave. 

Don't understand me that I do not believe a child's 
nature, habits, tendencies, can be modified by a congenial 
uplifting, atmosphere, that there is always room in the 
mind for an abundance of beautiful things that will 
eventually crowd the bad into a very small corner and 
monopolize the brain, if these last are kept active by 
continual use, but I do know that like, as the nails 
that are pulled out of the tree and the holes remain, so 
a scar be it large or small in that little mind, on that 
little character, that little soul is never wholly obliterated. 

I have known wealthy and even bright and learned 
parents to allow their child to grow up almost wholly in 
the society of domestics (some of whom they would not 
allow to care for their heirlooms and bric-a-brac or clean 



74 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

their silver) , and then people wonder why these children 
do not have pleasing manners, refined modes of eating, 
or use good English or expression. 

A child's mind should be fed every day as carefully 
as its body, and the choice of food for each individual 
little mind is no small task. It really needs a Solomon, 
but since we can't have one, we shall have to do the next 
best thing, and the old German adage tells us: "If you 
want to be sure a thing is done get at it yourself." This 
is good advice and can more often than one thinks be- 
come a lasting blessing to all concerned. 

Now the first best way to "get at it" is to study the 
disposition, and tendencies of father or mother (ances- 
try further back may help you some), then study the 
child's disposition and tendencies, then choose and pass 
out to it systematically in doses sufficiently small to be 
masticated, swallowed and digested, that food that 
appeals to you as being best suited to the nourishment, 
the upbuilding of this particular child's better self. 
This means something for mind and body. You can't 
build the one rightly independent of the other. Choice 
stories must be told accurately in good English, mental 
impressions made by example as well as precept, in love, 
thoughtfulness, truthfulness, kindness, sacrifices; the 
little body, hands, and feet must become skillful, mind 
absorbed in work and study, relaxed in play. 

All this means that you must understand yourself 
first, what constitutes grandeur, nobility, in human life, 



WHO SHALL CARE FOR BABY. 75 

be studying it and living it yourself, while you are impress- 
ing it upon your child. Who, but a mother would ever 
reach the place where she could strike this attitude 
toward a child. 

If this is true and the here and the hereafter are hang- 
ing in the balance, the question is answered, — No one 
but the mother should care for her child. This does not 
mean that the mother should be in constant attendance, 
far from it (a mother needs diversion, the same as people 
in every other walk of life, she must have a change of 
food, a change of thought, a change of air, to keep her 
at her best, mentally and physically), but it does mean 
that she should have a constant supervision over it and 
spend with it a certain number of hours every day. This 
will keep her in touch with its attitude, thoughts, acts 
and give her a chance to correct the wrong acts or false 
impressions, or remove the cause for them, before they 
have become a habit. (Let me say here baby is a very 
indefinite term, mine will be my babies at twenty one, 
possibly forty one if God spares my life.) 

Now that your task is set, Mother, a few suggestions 
can be offered, and these will be mental, because I have 
before said much of the physical. 

Very early one should begin to teach a child to avoid 
danger but not to be a coward. The best way to do this 
is not to allow it to be frightened the first time. I have 
seen a child once frightened by a jack-in-the-box, start 
in fear at every swift moving thing for weeks and months, 



76 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

this is a constant wear on the nervous system that is a 
great and lasting detriment to the child, lessens its use- 
fulness and shortens its life. Ghost stories "Red Riding 
Hood." Jack the Giant Killer," " Babes in the Woods," 
are a relic of barbarism, and are a needless bugbear for 
young children, haunting their dreams as well as their 
waking hours if left alone, They may be read to older 
children but only as a matter of history, are they of any 
value whatever. A child should never be tickled by 
anyone except to resuscitate it in suffocation etc., it 
often causes fits. A child should be taught to love the 
dark, and this is best accomplished by the mother, sit- 
ting in the twilight and rocking and petting her baby, 
and telling it comforting and soothing stories until the 
darkness has settled over the earth. Many children lead 
a miserable existence from their fear of the dark. The 
fear of the dark is another relic of barbarism. 

Boys and girls should play together, it makes the boys, 
if properly guided by a competent chaperon, chivalrous 
and gallant, gives them an idea of the deference, respect, 
protection they owe to all womankind, mother, sister, 
wife, daughter, friend, stranger, in their relative places. 
It softens and smoothes the naturally over-rough and 
boisterous natures, if this other relic of barbarism still 
lingers in any. 

It is instructive as well as entertaining for them to play 
house, help the girls cook, wash dishes and care for the 
baby dolls. 



WHO SHALL CARE FOR BABY. 77 



It is well for the girls to join the boys in their sports, 
also riding, rowing, swimming, ball, race, tennis, any 
out of doors sport, because by encouraging exercise in 
the open air the girls are made stronger, healthier, and 
better companions in later life. Both sexes learn to 
read the opposite and are better prepared to choose a 
partner for life. 

In all this, however, the mother should never forget 
that it is important to exercise careful, constant super- 
vision over the morals of all children. If normal they are 
of an investigating turn of mind, and following the sug- 
gestions of chance associates might perform acts, or form 
habits that would leave a blot on their pure mindedness 
and your good judgment. The competent chaperon, 
however, will avoid all this, but the fact that they are 
few and far between is in evidence on every side of us. 
Then the mother has an added task, that of molding, 
modifying, making a chaperon. It can be done, "All 
are as clay in the hands of the potter." It takes an artist 
to make the angel from the clay, however, Are you one? 
"Act, act, in the living present, heart within and God 
o'er head." 



"Among the pitfalls in our way, 
The best of us walk blindly; 

So wary be, and watch and pray, 
And judge your brother kindly." 



The Sick Baby. 



THE sick baby is a most deplorable little object, 
and our heart goes out at once in sympathy and 
love for it regardless of whether it is our baby 
or not, and we immediately set about to see what we can 
do to relieve it's suffering. In most instances where 
people use only those things with which they are familiar, 
relief is obtained, for a season at least, and no harm done. 
If the little one is too small to tell you where the trouble 
lies, and very sick, your anxiety is intense, no one but a 
mother can realize how you feel. (It is a suspense that 
is worse than death in some cases, if you are a young 
mother, and have no one who is near you, in whom you 
have confidence, to comfort and assure you.) The doc- 
tors books that you may have are so complex, the words 
so big, the meaning so obscure that you find no consola- 
tion in them, even if you are not so distressed that you 
cannot comprehend what you are reading. Let me say 
to such as these, that there are a few little helps I can offer 
that will save you many a heart-ache — the first is this — 
"A baby shows distressing signs of sickness generally at 
the first onset of the disease, but babies respond to medi- 
cine, and methods of relief offered almost immediately. 
"If you do not get unnecessarily alarmed you can do 
more and better service to your child. ' ' Let your motto be 
not "The most you can do" but "The least you can do to 
give relief." The simple things too, not anything complex. 



THE SICK BABY. 79 



Remember this — except your child has some serious 
inherited disease, most of its indisposition comes from 
what it eats that don't digest. Curdled milk gives dis- 
tress, milk that becomes too acid, irritates the lining 
membrane of the whole intestinal tract, rotted food 
infects your baby's blood causing fever. Now the best 
thing to do is feed the little one no more than it can 
digest of the right kind of food, and bring to your aid, 
if necessary, the best doctor you can find who has had 
experience with feeding children. Give him a fair chance 
to watch the child and do his very best at the very onset 
of the difficulty, listen to his advice and obey it implicitly 
until you get results or else don't discredit it, but rather 
blame yourself for any failure. Certain children thrive 
better on one certain kind of food, certain others on a 
different, and even specialists on the feeding of babies 
may meet their Waterloo once in a while. 

Remember this, once a baby gets serious indigestion 
it is a herculean task to find anything, for some time 
after that will digest in anything like a normal manner, 
so you will see how important it is to see to it that the 
baby does not get indigestion, especially that the condi- 
tion does not remain for any length of time. I have sug- 
gested (in my papers on flatulence, diarrhoea, constipa- 
tion, colic, etc.), what to do before the doctor comes. 

If your child has fever, refer to what I have said on 
colds, fever, bowel troubles, etc. You can never make a 
mistake by giving an injection, until you have removed 



So PERTAINING TO BABY. 

any possible cause of infection from that source, a sponge 
bath under cover of blankets (a thorough drying after, 
to avoid colds), will lower the temperature also. 

I have cured many a headache, and many an earache 
by giving an injection and repeating until the gas is 
removed from the bowels. Many people hold the im- 
impression that if you give a child an injection or two or 
three in a year a habit will be formed, and they will 
allow it to suffer all kinds of discomfort for almost any 
length of time rather than resort to it. This is a needless 
fear but it always wise to give a laxative by the mouth 
(after the injection has started the food on the downward 
course) if necessary. A vegetable or herb remedy is 
always preferable because it acts the same as a change 
of food. It isn't wise to wait until a child needs physic, 
but rather if it is inclined to constipation give it foods 
that have a tendency to keep the bowels loose or a tiny 
dose of senna after one or even all three meals, every day 
for a season. (See vomiting, diarrhoea, etc.) 

Loss of appetite and a coated tongue is generally a 
prayer of the babies' stomach for a little period of rest. 
Give it, and then feed the white of an egg, slowly stirred 
into a glass of cold water a teaspoonful at a time and 
watch results. Go back to your milk or regular diet 
after the rest. 

A sick child should be kept quiet. Fever and indisposi- 
tion leave the whole nervous surface sore and lame and 
very sensitive to shock from the waves of sound ; Shout- 



THE SICK BABY. 8l 



ing, explosions, etc., are especially to be avoided, but the 
low talking of friends in the room is very annoying as 
you will easily perceive (by watching its uneasiness and 
tossing at such times) if you are painstaking in your 
effort. I have known a sick child to go into a spasm from 
the constant tapping of a typewriter. A sick child should 
be encouraged to lie in bed^ as much as possible, when 
handling and lifting are likely to make it sore and lame. 

There are times however when there is lung trouble, that 
difficulty in breathing, make the child more comfortable 
sitting up in bed or over the nurses shoulder, consult 
your physician if you have any doubts in your mind 
regarding the best course to pursue along this as along 
any line. If you have shown wisdom in your choice of 
doctors, have employed one scholarly, deep, wise, tactful, 
kind, honest, his knowledge and judgment will be valuable 
to you, prize it and show him by prompt payment of 
your doctors' bill that he has not studied and labored in 
vain during his long years of preparation for such a self- 
sacrificing, weighty task — that of comforting human be- 
ings, saving human life. 

A sick child should not be kept too warm, because a 
child bundled to perspire, unnecessarily, is more apt to 
take cold, unless carefully dried by a rubbing all over 
with corn starch, and redressed, and also because it is as 
uncomfortable to be too warm as it is to be too cold, or 
chilly. 

A sick child should be given water (except it is 
vomiting continually) in quantities of one, two or three 



S2 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

swallows at a time in every disease. It is better to give 
a child a small cup or glass to drink from, because it's 
size appeals to them, and because it is often next to 
impossible to take a large cup or glass from them, when 
they have had what you deem sufficient, and further 
the struggle, made to retain it against your efforts at 
removal, is very apt to damage a weak heart. 

A sick child should have it's body kept clean. The 
perspiration brings poisons out of the body that are apt 
by reabsorption to poison the system or aggravate or 
bring on some skin diasese. Careful local washing also 
powder should follow each evacuation of the bowels. As to 
the kind of bath to use in some diseases, ask your doctor. 

A sick child should have it's mouth kept clean, because 
a clean mouth feels more comfortable, because the nour- 
ishment has more taste, and is better relished, because 
the medicine is more readily absorbed and brings better 
results, because filth in the mouth will reabsorb and 
poison the child, because the decomposition which goes 
on may seriously injure the teeth. 

A sick child should have a clean bed, clothes changed 
often, boiled, and well aired in the sun and wind if pos- 
sible. In prolonged sickness it is well to have two beds, 
one for night, and one for day, pads and rubber sheets 
should be used where there is danger of in any way soil- 
ing the bed. If the odor from the bowel movement is 
offensive, burn coffee, or sugar or a special pastille, and 
change the air as soon as practical, considering the 
patients condition. 



Symptoms of Disease 



THE sick child, while sometimes very passive, is gen- 
erally very restless, and often very young children 
will place their hands over the seat of pain. 

The first in the mouth, with a show of distress, the 
hand over the ears, pulling the hair in headache, picking 
the nose for worms and other bowel troubles, hands over 
the stomach, indigestion, drawing up the feet and squirm- 
ing in colic, may all mean much to the watchful mother. 

The kind of cry furnishes one of the most valuable 
means of learning what ails a baby — there is the unremit- 
ting cry of hunger or thirst; the scratch as if pricked 
with a pin; the moan of earache, etc; the cry of con- 
stant irritation as of eczema; the paroxysmal cry, 
severe for a time and then ceasing absolutely, colic; a 
peevish whining cry; a cry that shows a temper, etc. 
Let us hope most mothers will study preventive medi- 
cine, and practice it so carefully that they will never 
hear either or at least many of these cries. 

The kind of cough is a great help in diagnosing its 
cause. A frequent loud, nearly painless cough, at first 
tight, and later loose, is heard in bronchitis; a short, 
tight, suppressed cough, which is followed by a grimace 
and perhaps by a cry, indicates some innamation about 
the chest, often pneumonia. 

There is a wheezy, barking, croupy cough, that can- 
not be mistaken once heard, Spasmodic croup. In true 



84 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

croup the cough is hoarse and almost noiseless. The 
expulsive long cough followed by the drawing in of the 
breath with a peculiar whoop, in whooping cough is never 
to be mistaken. Enlarged tonsils, elongated palate, or 
irritation in the throat, irritation about the nose or in the 
ears will sometimes produce a cough. There is a stomach 
cough from worms or other irritation in the stomach. 
Then there is what is commonly called a nervous cough. 

The breathing of a child will show, often where the 
trouble lies; the child breathes very slow if there is 
trouble with the brain ; poisoning by opiates produces the 
same effect ; frequent deep sighing and yawning are also 
seen. Gurgling in the throat shows mucous in the back 
part of it. Labored breathing shows pneumonia, diph- 
theria of the larynx, asthma. Breathing through the 
mouth shows an obstruction of the nostrils, sometimes 
this is a growth, sometimes only catarrhal obstruction. 
Short quick breathing shows fever, or pain. 

If a childs pulse is rapid it has fever, and the cause 
should be found and removed immediately if possible. 
It often comes from a cold, constipation, disturbance of 
digestion, etc., but is likely to come from the absorption 
of pus, around an ulcerated tooth, in an ear, in the end 
of the penis of a boy, clitoris of a girl, anywhere, and this 
is an important thing to know because so few people 
assign it to this cause. Temperatures of 103-105-107 are 
serious, a drop to 95 or 97 is dangerous. 



SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE. 85 

With some children slight causes produce a tempera- 
ture of 103 or more, others almost never have a fever, 
even though they have conditions that should tend to 
produce it. The first class have a tendency to take all 
poisons into the blood, their power of resistance has been 
weakened ; the last will throw off pus or poison or anything 
that would have a tendency to disturb the heart. In 
adults about eight or ten beats of the pulse and about 
two or three respirations may be added for each degree 
of temperature above normal. 

In children the ratio is more variable and the increase 
in pulse and respiration is greater for each degree of 
temperature, generally. 

Fever for any length of time means partial cooking 
of tissues and always serious damage if not death by 
spasms, or kidney, heart or other complications which 
sooner or later may develop. Get the temperature 
down as soon as possible and keep it down as much as 
possible by all reasonable means and methods, while 
you are removing the cause. 

Get in the habit of putting your lips to a child's 
forehead and you will detect a rise of temperature almost 
immediately, get in the habit of asking if it's bowels 
have moved every day. 

A depression of temperature below normal should be 
looked into immediately. This generally comes from 
exhaustion, profuse diarrhoea, obstinate, continued vom- 
iting, hemorrhage, insufficient nourishment, anaemia, 



S6 PERTAINING TO BABY. 

chronic diseases of the heart and lungs, and in premature 
infants. 

A coated tongue or a bad breath should never be 
neglected for an hour in a baby or even a young child. 
It means absorption, constipation or a cold, or catarrhal 
trouble. Remove the cause. 

Grinding the teeth is generally attributed to worms 
but more often it is due to nervous conditions caused 
by indigestion, constipation, too much noise or handling, 
or in rare cases disease of the brain, it may precede or 
follow convulsions, sometimes is only a habit. 

Biting the finger nails is often caused by any of the 
above symptoms and always comes from nervous diffi- 
culty. Proper food and quiet surroundings generally 
change the thoughts and the habit is forgotten. The 
child who bites it's ringer nails is always a deep thinker 
and should not be overworked mentally. 

The manner of nursing affords important information. 
A baby whose nose is obstructed, or has pneumonia, will 
nurse but for a moment and then let go to breathe more 
satisfactorily; and if it drops the nipple with a cry we can 
suspect sore mouth. If it swallows with a gurgling noise, 
often stops to cough, and does as little nursing as pos- 
sible look for sore thoat. Ceasing to nurse at all means 
great weakness and often stupor or death coming on ex- 
cept there is brain trouble or the crisis when the baby 
may make an immediate great, change for the better 
that will continue. Don't crowd it with food because it 



SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE. 87 

will take its strength to digest the food and only a very- 
small amount is needed or can be digested with a sick 
child. 

The bowel movement should be watched. Normally 
what passes an infant should be yellow. If it has white 
flakes of sour milk in it, not all it eats is digested. If it 
is green, flora are present, that means indigestion also, 
as well as that the baby's food, bottles, etc., have not 
been kept as clean as they should be. What passes the 
bowels is sometimes putty colored in disorders of the 
liver. Bloody in appearance means serious irritation of 
the intestinal tract, higher or lower, possibly worms. 
What passes the childs' bowels is black after taking bis- 
muth, charcoal or iron, and red after krameria, kino, 
haematoxylin. 

The urine that is very high colored and stains the 
diaper, or that shows a thick reddish cloud after standing, 
may accompany fever or indigestion. Sometimes the 
urine under these conditions is milky when first passed. 
A beef juice diet or highly nitrogenous food will produce 
the reddish cloud, or even actual red sand-like particles. 

A very yellow stain on the diaper indicates jaundice. 
The amount of urine passed is scanty in fever, diarrhoea 
and especially in acute Bright's disease. In the latter the 
urine is often of a smoky or even a muddy appearance. 
Watch for these symptoms after scarlet fever, because 
they are serious and a physician must get on the job 
immediately to be of value. 



Colds. 

A COLD, is by no means a disease peculiar to infancy 
or childhood; yet from its frequency, its tendency 
to be kept up by habit, and the little regard 
usually paid to it by those who have the care of children, 
richly deserves important notice in a work of this kind. 

Every cold your child has shortens its life (that is of 
course barring death by accident). A particular danger 
lies in the fact that it lays the foundation of many other 
diseases still more troublesome and dangerous. 

In a state of perfect health there is a fluid constantly 
passing off from the surface of the human body, this 
fluid is called sweat or perspiration, now when from any 
cause, the pores of the skin through which this fluid is 
wont to escape, become obstructed the labor of carrying 
out of the body that fluid which ought to have been car- 
ried out by the skin, is thrown upon some other part. 
Through the law of human economy and sympathy, 
this work of charity is always performed by the mucous 
membrane which lines all cavities of the body which open 
to, or communicate with the air. 

If from any cause the lungs, the nasal membrane, etc., 
should become weakened, that part has a tendency to 
become diseased and broken down, great impairment of 
health and often death ensues. 



COLDS. 89 



A cold affects the eyes, the ears, the nose, the throat, 
the lungs, the stomach, the bowels, the kidneys, the 
bladder, the vagina, throwing off a mucous discharge, 
generally, that starves the system through the waste 
that is going on, but worse weakens and diseases 
the overworked membrane whatever it may chance 
to be. 

It is the mother or caretaker of children that can do 
the most toward preventing this obstruction of perspira- 
tion that produces the conditions that we call a cold. 

There are many things that obstruct the perspiration, 
or in other words close the pores of the skin. The first 
and most important, perhaps is sudden and unexpected 
exposure to cold, forcing nature to close the little muscles 
at the mouth of each little pore of the skin, thus protect- 
ing the sensitive underlying tissue. If these little muscles 
were not in a healthy condition and could not close at an 
instant notice neuralgia and many other very serious 
conditions would ensue. 

You will see that it is important that they should close 
and it is impossible to prevent their closing, but they must 
not be allowed to remain so and there are many means 
at hand to open them. Don't try to sweat profusely 
just a show of perspiration and that kept up. 

The most important thing to prevent a cold is to keep 
your body in a robust condition by regular habits, whole- 
some, nourishing food (not more than you can digest), and 
healthful, cheerful labor of mind and body. Clean cloth- 



90 CHILDHOOD. 



ing, sufficient to keep you comfortable and not enough 
to make you perspire with the least exertion. Don't 
keep your houses too warm. Don't remain indoors with 
outdoor wraps on, take a bath but not just after eating 
or when you are too tired. Don't eat when too tired. 
Take deep breaths of pure, clean air always if possible 
but especially when you are walking, and don't forget 
to straighten your shoulders as far back as possible, throw 
out your chest, and draw in your abdomen. God meant 
we should have a strong graceful form, and it is easily 
attained. 

In years of experience with young people I have found 
many cases where both girls and boys had rough course 
skins, which grew rougher and coarser as they approached 
manhood and womanhood, and their faces were often 
filled with blackheads, and for no other reason than 
the fact that they had a habit of catching cold and letting 
each cold have its run as they called it. Reason on this 
yourself and see if you can make yourself believe that a 
repeatedly conjested nose and face and the constantly 
repeated wipings and blowings that it, of necessity, must 
get, is going to leave it in as soft and fair a condition as it 
would be were it kept in a normal, healthy condition. 

Don't let anyone make you believe you must feed a 
cold and starve a fever. A cold is a miniature fever, the 
less food you get while you have a cold the sooner you 
will be rid of it; drink all you want, small quantities at a 
time, cold or hot water or weak peppermint, or penny- 



COLDS. 91 



royal tea ; weak ginger tea is helpful where nothing bet- 
ter is at hand. 

I have mentioned, before other things that may be 
used by a careful mother. 

Among them aconite in tiny doses. The hot pack 
grandmother used, a hot bath with a warm bed for a short 
time, a brisk rubbing with a towel, as rough as the skin 
of the patient will permit, and something to loosen the 
bowels quickly. 



Worth. 

His worth is warrant for his welcome. 
— Two Gentlemen of Verona. 

What can enable sots or slaves, or cowards? 
Alas! not all the blood of all the Howards. 

— Pope. 

Greatness and goodness are not means, but ends. 

— Coleridge. 

" Who counts his brother's welfare 

As sacred as his own; 
Who loves, forgives and pities, 

He serveth Me alone." 

—Milton. 



Catarrh. 

CATARRH comes from repeated colds and allowing 
waste material to remain in the nasal cavity 
until it decays, poisoning the surrounding tissue, 
and later destroying the bones of the nose. Keep your 
nasal cavity so you can breathe through it and you won't 
have catarrh. Many children go weeks and months at a 
time without a handkerchief, and many do not know how 
to blow their noses when they have one, although this 
should be one of the most important points to be remem- 
bered in a child's early education. Another important 
point to be remembered is not to use a handkerchief on a 
child's nose that has been used for any other person, 
especially for a person who has had tubercular or catarrhal 
trouble, without first boiling it at least fifteen minutes. 

It is an easy matter to infect a child by kissing in the 
mouth, feeding with the spoon or fork used by the mother 
or caretaker, or by the instruments not carefully cleansed, 
in the hands of careless doctors or nurses, by soap and 
towels, combs and brushes, sleeping in the same bed, etc., 
and if the child cannot stand what the mother or caretaker 
could and dies it is falsely said to have inherited the 
disease. 

The complications that are brought on by catarrh are 
many, among them being obliged to sleep with the mouth 
open, thus taking the cold air, that should be warmed by 
passing through the nose directly into the lungs, often 
with damaging effect ; also the breathing in of tiny parti- 
cles of dust that the mucous and hairs in the nasal cavity 



CATARRH. 93 



are supposed to sift out; then if one has catarrh of the 
nose they are apt to have catarrh of the stomach, intes- 
tines, and possibly all mucous surfaces. The blood of a 
catarrhal person is never properly aerated and a dark 
skin, black rings under the eyes, and often skin diseases 
are sure to be the outcome. 

The first thing to do for catarrh is to keep the nasal 
cavity as free from mucous as possible, burning or at 
least boiling every handkerchief or piece. In order to do 
this it is essential to take or use something that will 
cause a free discharge from the nose at least twice a day, 
morning and evening ; this is to wash out the pores of the 
mucous surface and take away the accumulation of 
disease germs and pus or waste material that will, under 
ordinary circumstances, have collected during the night, 
(from the impurities thrown out of the blood, the sour 
eructations from the indigestion or fermentation of food 
eaten the night before as also of the impure gases that are 
thrown off by the lungs) ; evenings to remove the accu- 
mulation of the day. With a perfectly healthy person 
(one whose membranes have not been hardened by re- 
peated colds, and poisoning by infection, one whose 
membranes are healthy and sensitive as an infants) , the 
first stir in the clear morning air will cause sneezing, 
this is natures way of cleansing these parts, and years ago, 
without knowing why, was considered, by every old 
doctor and every old grandmother who considered her- 
self a sage on conditions, signs, cause and effect, and 
home remedies, "a good sign." If the "good sign" was 



94 CHILDHOOD. 



not in evidence these same old doctors and sages gave a 
pinch of snuff to produce a similar result, and that there 
was "method in their madness" we all have to admit 
when we realize how few people had catarrh in those 
strenuous days of old, as compared with a large number, 
of the pampered class who suffer with the disease today, 
as also those children who pick their noses because they 
have not been cleaned in the morning. 

Xow while we don't want to advise you to take snuff, 
we do want you to see the point, and if possible detect 
the first signs of catarrhal trouble with your child's very 
important little member — the nose — and encourage a 
proper care of the same. I know of one mother who had 
very small means at her command, who brought up a 
large family of clean, healthy children (not an unhealthy 
nose in the bunch) who rubbed essence of peppermint on 
the bridge of the nose and across above the e}^es, being 
careful not to get, ever, too strong fumes in the eyes, and 
let it breathe into the nose (not into the mouth) , the dust 
from a box of soap powder (not a bad idea) that had been 
shaken, to produce sneezing when she saw the least 
signs of congestion in that member of her child's anatomy. 
This was a case of "an ounce of prevention being worth a 
pound of cure" in more ways than one, most important 
of which, is that the nasal membrane that has been kept 
clean and healthy is not so susceptible to any infection 
as one that has been weakened by repeated colds and 
congestion, as also that the whole anatomy of a child 
with a good breathing apparatus is stronger, and better 



CATARRH. 95 



able to resist or throw off any disease, than one that has 
been weakened by the repeated colds that some mothers 
foolishly allow to run their course. 

Today we use atomizers (and right here let me say 
there are more imitations, or in other words useless, 
worse than useless articles under this name, on the mar- 
ket today, than there are of almost any other apparatus, 
that has been invented for the supposed benefit of hu- 
manity) to spray the cavities of the nose, Frye's Atomi- 
zer, Portland, Maine (probably to be had at one drug 
store at least in any city of note) — is my favorite. This 
atomizer throws a fine spray of oil that can be made to 
reach all portions of the internal cavities of the nose. I 
use five drops each of the oil of peppermint, penny-royal, 
cajuput, gaultheria, and rose, diluted with a bland oil to 
a degree that will modify it's severity, and yet insure 
its efficiency in the respective case for which it is intend- 
ed. This combination of oils is healing, soothing and 
cleansing and cannot possibly do harm and if used occa- 
sionally as a measure in preventive medicine, will do 
wonders, often in the case of congestion or infection. 
Say five to ten times a day is not too much. In chronic 
cases, except an operation is imperative, Stick-to-it-tive- 
ness will produce results. 

Systemic care is always necessary, in the treatment of 
catarrh, as in every abnormal condition to which flesh 
is heir, and while there is much in preceding essays to 
put you on the right track, a competent physician should 
be consulted. 



Consumption or Tuberculosis. 



EVERY home in our land should have some instruction 
regarding this disease as it has little respect for 
persons, the rich and poor alike are it's prey, and 
the rich infect the poor as often as the poor infect the 
rich, and the one seems about as hard as the other to 
make comprehend the great need for especial care of the 
sputa of a tubercular subject. 

Most people can realize that the seeds of a Dandelion 
blow from place to place and take root where the soil is 
suitable for their nourishment, but when you talk to 
them of a seed or plant so small it cannot be seen except 
under a microscope they don't or won't try to realize 
that it grows and spreads where it finds suitable soil in a 
similar manner, they can't or won't understand that 
suitable soil for this persistent little plant is the waste 
material in their bodies, they can't or won't understand 
that persistent effort along two lines would soon sweep 
the disease from the face of the earth, the one burning 
of the sputa from every person having ever so light a 
form of the disease, the other keeping the bodies free 
from waste material. There are several important 
things to be done to keep the body from accumulating 
waste material, most important of which is to be sure 
all food passes out of the body before it has time to 
decay, and be absorbed, in this state, by the tissues of 
the body. If you should place a dish of food, of any, or 



CONSUMPTION OR TUBERCULOSIS. 97 

of many different kinds on a shelf until it rotted or even 
fermented your animal instinct, not mentioning human 
intellect, would inform you at once that you must not 
swallow even one mouthful, you would expect it to kill 
you, but you don't stop to reason far enough to give heed 
to the fact that the food which rots in your body is 
equally as bad and will slowly shorten your life and with 
the complications that are sure to arise, eventually kill 
you. Of major importance also is the bath of fresh air 
to the lungs and all mucous surfaces of the entire body, 
fast walking and deep breathing, with the shoulders 
thrown back, several times a day, and plenty of soap and 
water for the entire surface exposed to the air, at least 
twice a week. I have before placed much emphasis on 
the importance of eating plain nourishing food at regular 
intervals, never when too tired and never before a bath, 
but I can't repeat it too often. One more very impor- 
tant thing you must do — In the most kindly way possible 
teach every one, where your influence can possibly be 
felt, what I have taught you, viz. 

Don't spit anywhere that gives a chance for the germ 
of tuberculosis to infect your children or neighbor, or 
later perhaps reinfect you. 

Look out for the germs on your hands and in your 
pockets from handkerchiefs or coughing into the hand. 

Look out for a clean thermometer and a clean tongue 
depressor — in the examination of the sick, especially 
sick children. 



Debilitating Discharges, 



DEBILITATING discharges are by no means un- 
common or harmless, especially among the female 
children of large towns and cities, where the modes 
of life are more arbitrary and exciting, and consequently 
less favorable to health. These discharges are sometimes 
the result of catarrah; for as we have seen in the pre- 
ceding chapter on, " The Xose and It's Surrounding 
Tissue," the stoppage of the pores of the skin causes the 
work of elimination to be thrown upon the mucous men- 
brane, and wherever its location — nose, throat, vaginal 
tract, etc. — if from any cause it is weakened, a catarrhal 
discharge is generally thrown oft. The condition may 
arise from an inherited predisposition, an accident, neg- 
lect of proper cleanliness, improper diet or infection. 

There is a false modesty between parents and their 
children. I might say between honored grown-ups and 
juniors that works a great deal of harm to the human 
race, in that a great deal of legitimate information that 
it is the place of these to impart is left to the ignorant, 
and possibly evil-minded, chance associate. Young peo- 
ple should be taught to care for all parts of the body 
properly. They should be taught also that all healthy 
functions of the body are perfectly proper in their legiti- 
mate places. It is important that they should understand 



DEBILITATING DISCHARGES. 99 

that every possible act of a human being is noble or enob- 
led by the wisdom, judgment, pure mindedness and dis- 
cretion of the actor. 

A child will come innocently to its elders in authority 
with all questions and difficulties if he receives an honest 
answer every time, but his perception is generally very 
very keen and if he finds you are trying to evade his 
question, he will believe there is a "Nigger in the fence," 
as one of my boys put it. "Honesty is the best policy," 
in the discussion of the reproductive organs — the so- 
called "Sex Problem, "the same as in eveything else. 

It is a good plan to teach a child regarding any disease 
or difficulty arising therefrom along the line, of thought, 
of a dear old colored mammy I used to know; A little 
girl felt very badly over getting lousy. She moaned and 
cried and parents and friends failed to comfort her until 
mammy appeared on the scene and said: "Laws sake 
child its no disgrace to get lice. Its a disgrace to keep 
them." If we could impress this lesson in a way that 
would leave people of all ages freer to divulge the facts 
regarding any disease or difficulty, and then that the 
disgrace lies in keeping the disease if it is in our power to 
rid ourselves of it, we shall have accomplished much in 
the battle of trying to rid our land of diseases in general, 
but especially those diseases that are carried for months 
and years, ruthlessly, needlessly, because of a delicacy 
on the part of modest women and children, as also the 
fear that they will be considered guilty of some indiscre- 



IOO CHILDHOOD. 



tion, or wrong doing, of which they are often entirely 
innocent. 

While we are teaching children that most diseases can 
be prevented and most diseases can be cured we must not 
forget to strongly impress the fact that the result of the 
disease is much harder to eradicate if not impossible of 
removal. I explain this to my children, my pupils, my 
hearers in this way: "You may drive a lot of nails into a 
tree and then pull them all out again but the holes will 
remain." 

A hot douche of salt and water is beneficial where it is 
necessary to tone up the walls of the vagina. Salt and 
water can be used as a nasal douche or a gargle with a 
decidedly perceptible result. Boracic acid or even borax 
in a mild wash, say a teaspoonful to two quarts of water 
makes a simple and efficient wash for any of the mucous 
surfaces. Alum water not too strong answers well as a 
home remedy in many cases. Pure soap in water will 
do wonders if it is used as often as once or twice a day, 
this is a home remedy that is generally at hand. 

Any disease of a doubtful character should be taken 
immediately to a competent diagnostitian, because the 
longer a disease is left the greater will be the damage done 
to the location, to the whole system, to the relatives, 
friends or strangers who may either become infected in a 
greater or lesser degree, have their nerves injured or 
wrecked by unnecessary worry, responsibility or labor 
and eventually possibly to those who support charitable 



DEBILITATING DISCHARGES. IOI 

institutions and their inmates, often at the expense, of 
the lack of proper food, clothing and education, for their 
own children. The greatest good to the greatest number 
should be our aim and it can become nearer and nearer a 
fact only as the conditions of health are improved. 

People who are sick in mind or body are lazy and must 
be supported by the labor of others, this makes an enor- 
mous strain on the capable. Every living intelligent 
human being can become a factor in one way or another 
in this onward march toward a perfect vitality for the 
human race. 



Thought. 

Thought is the property of him who can entertain it, 
and of him who can adequately place it. — Emerson. 



Thought takes man out of servitude into freedom. 

— Emerson. 



Those that think must govern those that toil. 

— Goldsmith. 



In every epoch of the world, the great event, parent 
of all others, is it not the arrival of a thinker in the 
world? — Carlyle. 



Hernia or Rupture. 



THERE are two kinds of rupture or hernia found 
in a child, umbilical and inguinal. The first 
form is quite frequent and is formed in several 
ways, among them holding the child in a bad position, 
bandaging the belly too tightly or too loosely, much 
crying, etc. 

When any or all of these causes are applied to a child 
of somewhat feeble constitution, the bowels are apt 
to protrude more or less, and sometimes to an extent 
that is truly alarming, especially to a young and in- 
experienced mother. 

The first step to be taken, when a condition like the 
above presents itself, is to find the cause and remove 
it, then make a compress of some kind, a little larger 
than the opening. I advise a large button, covered 
with woolen, sewed to a band and worn over the opening 
for a few weeks, when the hernia disappears. 

If the bowels are kept from crowding upon the mus- 
cular edges of the covering of the abdomen (the rim of 
the belly, so-called), the edges of the muscles which 
had before become thinned and greatly weakened, now 
gain strength and extend until they gradually fill up 
the opening and the navel becomes normal. 

Inguinal hernia is a condition arising from the omen- 
tum or intestine or both passing through the inguinal 



HERNIA OR RUPTURE. 103 



canal and is more difficult to manage or to cure. It is 
liable to take place at any period of life, but is more 
frequent and troublesome in early infancy, sometimes 
it is troublesome from birth. 

For this complaint — whatever may be the age — the 
more skillful practitioners have recommended a truss 
to be worn day and night until a cure is effected. 

I have had many and varied experiences with rup- 
tures, I have cured them by injection under the skin, 
by replacing them and fitting a truss, by a simple, 
home-constructed compress. I have operated when 
that seemed the last resort. I now cure an inguinal 
hernia on a child by an application that draws the water 
out of the swelling (having first used a Balm of Gilead 
preparation to take out the soreness), have the child 
kept from crying as much as possible, and left reclining 
in a position (the head lower than the body) that allows 
deep breathing to draw the bowel and omentum back 
into the body. 

A properly adjusted compress (mentioned above) 
will do the rest, as a general rule. Ruptures come often 
at the age of puberty and many more disappear at this 
age, in a manner known as a spontaneous cure. I have 
never seen the time when I considered it wise to leave 
such a condition wholly to nature. ("Man's extremity 
is God's opportunity".) Adhesions, inflammation, death 
are likely to be the outcome. 



Hydrocele and Varicocele. 



THE above are diseases of the scrotum, any male 
child is liable to develop either, but fortunately 
they seldom do. Hydrocele is an enlarged 
condition caused by an excessive secretion of water in 
the parts. It has been called dropsy of the scrotum, 
sometimes children are born with this condition. Moth- 
ers can easily detect it by its equal distension, its trans- 
parency, and by its not being increased in size by the 
crying of the infant, as is a rupture. I use an application 
as in a case of rupture, that draws out the water and 
hardens the tissue of the parts, then I pay a persistent 
heed to the diet of the child, aid digestion if necessary, 
insist upon lots of fresh air, a legitimate amount of 
exercise and cleanliness, which soon effects a cure. 

Varicocele (enlarged veins of the scrotum) may be 
the outcome of a lowered vitality, weakened constitu- 
tion, inherited or acquired, or an injury. Packs of 
cotton saturated with hot salt and water will do wonders 
in this condition, a home remedy that may be used in 
all such conditions if care is used not to let the clothing 
remain damp and cold to produce congestion and fever. 
I use practically the same regimen as in rupture and 
hydrocele. 

A good physician should be called in each of the three 
conditions, if at hand, and within the means of those 



HYDROCELE AND VERICOCELE. 105 

in authority — and let me say right here that there are 
a lot of things that you can go without better than to 
neglect the medical and surgical aid that is urgent in 
the upbuilding of a strong, healthy, nearly perfect 
little human body. 



Work. 

Genuine work alone, what thou workest faithfully, 
that is eternal, as the Almighty Founder and World- 
Builder, Himself. — Carlyle. 



Let no one 'till his death 
Be called unhappy. Measure not the work 
Until the day's out and the labor done 

— E. B. Browning. 

In every rank, or great or small, 
'Tis industry supports us all. 

— Gay. 

We enjoy ourselves only in our work, our doing; and 
our best doing is our best enjoyment. — Jacobi. 

It is better to wear out than to rust out. 

— Bishop Home. 



Circumcision. 

THIS is an operation that sometimes becomes 
necessary on the Gentile portion of our popu- 
lation, and one that in many cases demands 
immediate attention. I have known several cases 
where an operation was delayed with disastrous results; 
one that of a child that had inherited from a phlegmatic 
easy-going father the condition that made the need for 
the operation of circumcision, from the mother a nervous 
constitution that could not so well tolerate the irritation 
incident upon such a condition. The struggle with the 
mother's nervous constitution and the father's malfor- 
mation caused eventually a paralysis of one limb. 

The sexual organs should receive the best care and 
attention possible, first, because they are the procreative 
organs; second, because they are the most sensitive 
part of the human body; third, because when they are 
wrong the whole nervous system, the whole body is 
wrong. 

Often the stretching or slitting operation is all that 
is needed to bring the parts, also the whole nervous 
system, into a more nearly normal condition. Whatever 
is done must not be delayed until there is a nervous 
breakdown. I ask you to be cautious in your choice of 
a surgeon because we cannot deny that this ,like a great 
many other parts of the human body, is often needlessly 



CIRCUMCISION. 107 



mutilated by surgeons so-called, who, as one very frank 
old doctor put it, are either fools or knaves, but, to be a 
little more charitable, I will say lack knowledge, wisdom, 
judgment and discretion, or possibly are hard pushed 
for a few extra dollars that some of your neighbors or 
friends (it couldn't possibly be you) should have paid 
long ago on an old bill. Doctors and surgeons are under 
a great expense at all times. They have to pay for the 
medicine they are doling out to you, oftentimes long 
before you have been able, or found it convenient, to 
pay them, then they have to have costly instruments to 
work with, much rubber goods that gets hard or other- 
wise goes to pieces before they have had more than one, 
or possibly two, occasions to use them, they have to 
have light and heat to keep their offices comfortable 
while they are ministering to and entertaining you and 
yours, as well as often to thaw themselves and their 
belongings out after the long cold drives incident upon 
such a strenuous life, they have to have conveyances 
of different kinds that must be repaired constantly, 
that they may be in readiness to reach you quickly. 
They have to have clothes, food, and generally provide 
for a family. 

There are many people too poor to pay, there are 
many dead beats, and a worthy medical man dislikes 
to refuse his services to these, often because of his interest 
in humanity, more often because of his hopes of a future 
remuneration, most often because he would prefer to 



IoS CHILDHOOD. 



minister to two undeserving individuals rather than to 
offend one of the deserving. 

Now if a doctor makes fifty cents or a dollar on one 
of his patients and gives fifty cents or a dollar to the 
next, he won't be getting rich very fast. Pay your 
doctor so that he will have the satisfaction of knowing 
that you are appreciating the interest he is taking in 
you. Pay your doctor so that he may use his valuable 
time in the reading, thinking, planning that will make 
him a better life saver rather than a bill collector or a 
nervous wreck over his anxiety in the struggle for ex- 
istence. 

Don't call your family physician out nights if you 
can help it. He can't go without his hours of rest and 
deal out poison, or any medicine, intelligently, carefully 
and accurately. 



God be thanked, for the dead have left still 
Good undone for the living to do, 

Still some aim for the heart, and the will, 
And the soul of a man to pursue. 

— Owen Meredith. 



Never be idle a moment but thrifty and thoughtful of 
others. — Longfellow. 



Flatulence. 

FLATULENCE, Colic, Acidity, Constipation, Vom- 
iting, Diarrhoea, Cholera Infantum and Worms 
are all the outcome of the wrong food or more 
of it than the child can digest. If every mother could 
be made to understand that every mouthful of food her 
child ate more than it could digest became manure upon 
which plant and animal life grew and thrived, to the 
detriment of the child's comfort and oftentimes at the 
expense of its life, she would cease to urge it to eat 
after its natural instinct had told it that it had enough. 
How many of you mothers have seen anxious moments 
over your child when it had what is commonly called 
"Green Diarrhoea?" You recognize green grass, plants 
and moss, yes, even toadstools, when you see them in 
the fields and woods, but you never thought that with 
a microscope you could find them in the human body. 
You never thought that these little flora had such a 
determination to get air that they would draw it from 
the blood in the tissues of your body, into the intestinal 
tract, into the stomach, until your internal organs were 
distended to a degree that made you very uncomfortable 
in many ways, often causing complications that greatly 
decreased your usefulness in the world, eventually 
shortened, and many times ended life. Anything that 
is not normal is detrimental, in more ways than one. 



IIO CHILDHOOD. 



Large quantities of flora in the intestinal tract is not a 
normal condition. The distension of the stomach and 
intestines is not a normal condition. The distension 
causes the stomach to press against the heart and obliges 
the heart to make a greater effort to beat, every time 
damaging it and eventually causing chronic heart 
trouble. 

This distension causes the stomach to take up space 
that belongs to the lungs, making the transgressor or 
her victim, the baby, use more effort in order to get the 
air down to the very bottom of the lungs where it is 
absolutely essential it should go that the blood may be 
purified and whitened and fitted to properly nourish 
the body. The distended intestines press against the 
kidneys, the bladder, the reproductive organs, the 
liver, putting them out of commission in an incalculable 
degree and both stomach and intestines press upon the 
sensitive nerve centers and eventually this pressure and 
the added burden of improper nerve food (fermented, 
rotted, improperly digested) causes an irreparable dam- 
age to a human body. 

This condition of a distended stomach and intestines 
is called flatulence, and it doesn't take a philosopher 
to see that it means much to have all the vital organs 
and the nerves handicapped in this way. 

Don't try all kinds of lauded remedies to cure it, 
They generally do more harm than good. Try to find 
out what is the cause of this condition and then remove 



FLATULENCE. Ill 



the cause. Immediately a child is born, nature provides 
a special combination in the mother's milk which im- 
mediately cleanses the intestinal tract, acts as a physic; 
then there is nothing that can keep the baby so well as 
a continuation of this same life-giving stream — mother's 
milk — but the mother has a duty and a very important 
one, that of keeping this milk in a digestible state. 
Worry will kill your baby, it poisons the milk. Food 
you eat at all hours, pickles, indigestible foods, too much 
of one kind, eating before a bath, or when you are too 
tired, impairs the baby's stomach as it does your own. 
Just stop and reason a little, then let your better judg- 
ment be guided by your instinct, see what, how, when, 
where you can eat that leaves you in a state of comfort, 
and your baby will be comfortable also. 

There are cases where parental transgression has been 
so great that the poor babe inherits a weak digestive 
system, here our highest wisdom is called forth. Dry 
heat and massage are often of value, while packs in 
warm, wet sheets are very valuable in some cases. I 
have found Schlotterbeck's Hypophosphites of Lime and 
Soda a boon in some cases of super acidity, and small 
doses of Acidol-Pepsin, Bayer, exceptionally productive 
of results where the contents of the stomach were too 
alkaline. When the distance to a doctor is great people 
have used Peppermint, Pennyroyal, Baking Soda, Rhu- 
barb and, best of all, Senna Leaves, in small doses with 
impunity, and good results in many cases. But we must 



112 CHILDHOOD. 



ever bear in mind not to overdo the thing, and how very 
tender an infant's stomach is. 

Too often we have to deal even more carefully with 
the abused stomachs of the middle-aged and older 
people to whom we are called upon to minister. 

In cases of young children or elderly people to-day it 
is best to give pepsin and pancreatic tablet to aid nature 
until we can remove the cause. This helps the intestinal 
indigestion as well as righting the wrongs in stomach. 

As a dog chooses meat, and a horse hay, through 
nature's provision — instinct — so the tiny germs of human 
life, each group or kind choose what is best for them, 
for instance, the brain germs choose material to build 
brain, the lung germs choose lung material, the liver 
germs choose liver material, the heart germs choose 
heart material, the kidney germs choose kidney material, 
the sexual organs choose what suits their need. If a 
group of germs in the brain should take to eating liver 
material we should find a spot of liver in the brain. 
Bones that are not fed go to pieces. Now then, what 
are we to do? Easy enough — Eat a combination of 
food, digest and assimilate it, that will give each of 
these little groups of so-called Phagocites a chance to 
grow and thrive and make your human body, your 
mind, your soul, what God meant it should be. When 
you cease to feed any organ of your body don't be 
surprised to see it pass into a state of disability, decay, 
or disappear from your being entirely, if it is given time, 



FLATULENCE. 113 



before the dissolution of other parts, or the whole body, 
takes place. Many authors tell us that the unused 
parts pass out of existence but they fail to tell us that 
the unfed parts must pass away, except the laws of the 
universe be set aside. 

"Tell me what you eat and I will tell you what you 
are" has often been quoted, and a very few people have 
partially understood what it meant, but to understand 
it in its entirety and profit by it means health and a 
perfect vitality, which thus far has not been attained by 
any individual or group of individuals of the human 
race. We must have faith, hope, love and obedience to 
the laws of nature, which are the laws of God, before 
we begin to attain this higher vitality, this nobler human 
life, but that it can be attained and that it will be at- 
tained (in answer to the world-wide effort that is now 
being made along the line of pure food and right food 
study, and legislation, the mastery of the art of perfect 
control of self, appetite, passion and habits), in the not 
too far off future, cannot for a moment be questioned. 



Thine to work as well as pray, 
Clearing thorny wrongs away; 
Plucking up the words of sin, 
Letting heaven's warm sunshine in. 

— Whittier. 



Colic. 

COLIC is one of the diseases to which infants and 
young children are often liable and it is not only 
a source of great discomfort and detriment to 
them, but it is very wearing on the mother who often 
gets little rest night or day, to say nothing of poor dad, 
whose mission it is to become a temporary perambulator 
for a certain number of hours, certain nights, while 
mother regains her equilibrium. There are two kinds 
of colic, one appears as soon as the food is swallowed, 
which shows very plainly that the trouble is in the 
stomach, and must be caused by the kind or quantity 
of food eaten, or the state of the nerves or constitution; 
the other appears after the food has had time to pass 
from the stomach into the intestines and plainly shows 
that for some reason the stomach has not done its work 
in a satisfactory manner, has left too much for the in- 
testines to do or left the food in a poisonous state, to 
irritate the tender lining membrane leaving it raw and 
sore, like a cankered mouth, so that every thing hurts it 
the same as it would in your mouth in a like condition. 

Stop and reason on this, not for a moment, but until 
you are sure you understand it well enough to be of 
real and lasting service to every child whose distress 
it is your lot to witness. 

What shall we do to remedy this? First, read care- 
fully all we have said on the subject of Flatulence, then 
take a teaspoonful of Senna leaves, pour boiling water 
over them, steep for five minutes, strain, and add three 



COLIC. 115 



or four drops of good essence of Peppermint (if you have 
the Peppermint herb, fresh, it will do as well or even 
better), and give teaspoonful doses every ten minutes 
until the bowels move off freely, then give a small 
amount after each meal, night and morning, or only 
mornings as the condition of the child requires. 

For canker spots in the mouth or a like condition in 
the intestines, mix one part pure powdered alum and 
three pulverized sugar and put what you can hold on 
the point of a pen knife twice or three times on the 
cankered part, what is swallowed will help the condition 
in the intestinal tract, but as Alum has a constipating 
tendency be sure you give sufficient Senna to overcome 
this. 

I repeat, don't drug and dose, but remove the cause. 
If you can find some doctor or sage on health and dis- 
ease that can be of real unselfish service with his or her 
knowledge, judgment and wisdom, prize it and pay for 
it; your health or that of your child will soon increase 
your earning capacity to more than meet the extra ex- 
pense. I will say to you, be a real mother, nurse your 
baby, keep a cheerful mind and govern your passions. 
If the baby must be artificially fed, use preferably fresh 
cow's milk diluted, sweetened and a pinch of salt, Hor- 
lick's Malted Milk, or MeHin's Food, being sure that the 
child gets at least three four-ounce bottles of pure water, 
not too cold, every day. Feed your child at regular 
intervals, once in two or three hours during the day, 
and from two to four times in the night is best for the 
average child at first, later, three times a day. 



Acidity. 

I WILL say of Acidity : If you heed the preceding you 
will have little trouble with acidity, but should it be 
present from any of the causes I have mentioned as 
being abnormal and you need a palliation while you are 
removing the cause, use tiny doses often repeated of 
lime water, or common baking soda with plenty of 
water to dilute it so that it will not harm the most dile- 
cate stomach, or better still Schlotterbeck's Hypophos- 
phites of Lime and Soda, small doses well diluted. 



Constipation, Vomiting. 



CONSTIPATION or costiveness is present and very 
persistent with some children and it is one of the 
most damaging conditions that it is possible for 
one to entertain, because after the food remains in the 
human body a certain length or time it assumes a state 
of decay and, since absorption is continually taking 
place, the blood is being filled with refuse that poisons 
the system, the heart beats harder as nature's way to 
throw off the poison, motion produces heat and the 
child has a fever, which, let it continue long enough, 
will cook certain portions of the blood which drift, 
causing prolonged discomfort, spasms, and too often 
death. The very first thing to do when you notice even 
the slightest temperature is to give an injection, repeat 
every ten or fifteen minutes or half hour until the bowels 
are unloaded. If the child is vomiting give a tenth 
grain tablet of calomel every ten minutes until you have 
given ten. You can dissolve these in a teaspoonful of 
water if necessary, but the less water you give the sooner 
you will control the vomiting. I never give calomel 
even in small doses where it is possible to get results 
with herb remedies. In persistent cases of vomiting I 
dilute the milk greatly and for an older child feed the 
white of an egg with lemon juice, a few drops, with ex- 
cellent results. A rest to the stomach of from six to 



Il8 CHILDHOOD. 



twelve hours will do wonders for the child older or 
younger who has reached the stage of vomiting from 
constipation. After you have removed the danger in 
the first case, don't let it occur again. "An ounce of 
prevention is worth a pound of cure." 

A child of a nervous temperament is very apt to be 
constipated, and the best preventive is to keep it in 
pleasant and not too exciting surroundings. Give it 
work, play, study, rest, in wisely divided amounts to 
make it forget self, tone the body until it does not 
perspire readily. 

A child should have lots of water, and as early as 
needful some cereal food cooked thin (in meal or whole 
wheat form), sweetened with molasses, "dry bread and 
milk," later, vegetables, fruit, and no meat for some time 
after, never tea, coffee or spices. 

Patent medicines, all the pills generally used for physic, 
leave the child in a worse state of costiveness than be- 
fore, and the damage harder to repair. Boiled milk is 
constipating except a little Senna be added. 

Paregoric, laudanum, soothing syrup, are too often 
used to keep the child quiet while the mother or care- 
taker reads or works but they always pay for their 
comfort a great many times over before the child is 
grown, if they remain in touch with him, and the child 
pays for it always in large measure (but often with years 
of suffering) from intestinal stasis, and the complication 
of diseases that are sure to follow the same. 



CONSTIPATION, VOMITING. 1 19 

Teach your child to eat slowly and chew the food fine, 
and the saliva that is mixed with the food will help to 
digest it, a little pepsin or a pancreatic tablet is useful 
when necessary, but nature knows how to, and will 
supply these if you let her kindly alone, except where 
she has been wronged in the past, through ignorance, 
neglect, or wilfulness, it is our place to give a little aid 
in the right way, and you will find help in what I have 
said in the essays that precede this. 



Diarrhoea. 

CONSTIPATION is one of the principal causes of 
diarrhoea. When the system has stood a certain 
amount of poisoning she revolts and throws all 
the juices in the body into the stomach and bowels to 
flush the sewer, so to speak, to rid these mucous surfaces 
of a very detrimental foreign substance. We call this 
condition diarrhoea and as a first aid to nature we 
should give a laxative, the tea made from a teaspoonful 
of Senna leaves as I have before mentioned or the tenth 
grain of calomel every ten minutes until you have given 
ten, or in older children or grow r n people or the aged, a 
good dose of Sal Hepatica or Sal Laxa or Sal Aperient, 
followed by oil for several days in succession. I gener- 
ally give five drops of aconite and five drops of bryonia 
in a four-ounce bottle of water, a teaspoonful every 
half hour until four to eight ounces are taken. 

Wampole's formolid or glyco-thymolin, according to 
directions on the bottle, is very efficient in some chronic 
cases of older children or elderly people, and can be 
used judiciously with infants. There are other causes 
of diarrhoea besides constipation — unripe fruit, tainted 
meat, fermented cream puffs and the like, undigested 
food, sudden heat, sudden cold, anxiety, fear, neglect 
of cleanliness of the external body, throwing too much 
work on the mucous surfaces, infection of food from 
flies and other insects, too much drugging, etc., but 
these are of importance only as we must detect the cause 
of a disease before we can remove the cause, the palliation 
or cure would be the same for the result of either cause. 



Cholera-Infantum. 



CHOLERA Infantum or in other words the cholera 
of infants can always be detected by the peculiar 
odor which attends the evacuation. It reminds 
us of water in which putrid meat or fish has been soaked. 
One who has been an assistant or even observer in a case 
will not soon or easily forget it. 

There is something peculiar in the whole external aspect 
or appearance. The child becomes very rapidly emacia- 
ted; the skin hangs in loose folds and the flesh has also 
a loose flabby feeling, the skin of the forehead appears 
as if bound to the bone; the eyes are deeply sunk in 
their sockets; the cheeks fall in, the nose is sharp and 
the lips are shrivelled. 

Anything bordering on this condition should be met 
with an injection, repeated as I have directed under 
constipation, until every particle of the poison that can 
be reached in this way has been washed out, the tenth 
grain of calomel given as there directed, followed by the 
Senna and that by oil in judicious quantities, with the 
five drops each of bryonia and aconite in a four ounce 
bottle of water, teaspoonful every half hour, as before 
noted, until four to eight ounces have been taken with 
little or nothing to eat for several hours, will do wonders. 
Where this disease has been neglected for some time the 
child often manifests a singular longing for salt, sour, 



122 CHILDHOOD. 



sweet, etc., and in most cases these longings may be 
gratified with safety and apparent advantage, provided 
we begin with a quantity sufficiently small, and adaptable 
to a child of that age. I recall a case of a child, whose 
stomach had been unable for a long time to retain any- 
thing, and who seemed at deaths' door, that requested 
cows' milk and was given a teaspoonful every three hours, 
retained it and gained health and strength. 

I recall another case where the child recovered from 
a similar amount of cider. Grape juice or white of an egg 
and lemon juice, are a boon in cases where the child is 
old enough for that kind of food, or the fruit juices 
unfermented. It should ever be borne in mind, that acids 
should not be given with milk. Goats' milk in small 
quantities, fresh air, deep breathing, short rides, bring 
a marked improvement where the child can endure it. 
When it seems safe to give any solid food, dry bread, or 
any of the dry cereals (chewed until they are moistened 
by the saliva in the mouth) is by far the safest nourish- 
ment, the branching out from this can be gradual, and 
according to the best judgment and belief of those in 
authority. 



Worms. 

IF you have no flatulence, or colic, or acidity, or consti- 
pation, or vomiting, or diarrhoea, or cholera-inf antum 
you will have no worms. Worms could not live in a 
normal stomach or intestinal tract. The digestive fluids 
and the peristaltic action would utterly destroy them. 
Their presence makes a bad matter worse however, in a 
weak stomach, and something should be done to rid 
the system of this nuisance. What shall it be, is a ques- 
tion that has been asked a great many times in the past 
and will be asked a great many times in the future. I 
say as before, work continually for a normal condition of 
mind and body, use a palliation only as long as you are 
obliged to. For a cure go to reliable doctor, because 
these remedies that kill the parasites in your body might 
kill you, if injudiciously or carelessly handled. Santonin 
will kill the thread worm but given with oil has been 
known to make a child blind. The tape worm can be 
handled with the male fern and its complements but they 
should be scientifically administered. Many a person 
has ruined his stomach for the, rest of his life by a large 
dose of turpentine to kill a tape worm. 

About forty years ago I saw a doctor pick up a vinegar 
bottle, examine the contents, which was alive with tiny 
thread like worms, and say to his wife; " Don't boil this, 
these are the life of the vinegar." His idea was the vir- 



124 CHILDHOOD. 



tue of the vinegar depended upon the amount of animal 
life present. It was meat and drink all right, but we now 
know that a tiny brown fly follows up decayed apples, 
cider, vinegar, pickles, anything of a sweet and acid 
nature, lays its eggs and they hatch into the form of this 
tiny worm. We know it would be hazardous to allow 
any child, especially a not strong child, to eat or drink 
any quantity of anything where this or any other similar 
form of animal life or the eggs are present. We "Swat 
the Fly," to-day that he may not drag his germ laden 
body over our food and into our drink. We boil every- 
thing possible to kill all prospective germ life, visible or 
invisible, microscopical and infinitesimal, and we know 
that if we can keep the number down to a minumum, the 
phagocytes, the living germs of the human body will 
destroy the rest, and we shall keep immune from disease. 

I add here what I have said before, don't give your 
child or take yourself every old remedy, any old way for 
the worms you believe to be present in the internal organs. 
Your stomach is a very important old requisite and you 
stand a chance to keep it with you for some time, Don't 
cripple it, or even slightly misuse it without just cause. 
The nail you drive into a tree can be pulled out but the 
hole remains. 

An injection of salt and water (being sure to oil the 
point of the syringe and work carefully waiting for the 
water to distribute at each punch of the bulb, or if a 
fountain syringe controlling it in a similar manner so 



WORMS. 125 



as not to undully distend the rectal passage) will always 
relieve the itching etc., attendant upon the presence of 
seat worms in young or old, a palliation until you can 
remove the cause. Where it is difficult to get a doctor 
immediately, or at all, some of the laxatives that I have 
previously mentioned are very important, really indis- 
pensable and should always be kept in your home. 



Tonsilitis, Quinsy, Rheumatism. 



TONSI LITIS, Quinsy, and Rheumatism all come 
from the same cause, waste material in the sys- 
tem, they always follow flatulence, colic, acidity, 
constipation, vomiting, diarrhoea, cholera infantum, 
worms, indigestion. When you have controlled and 
corrected these you will not be called upon to give 
thought to either quinsy, tonsilitis or rheumatism because 
you will never have them. 

Tonsilitis. 



TONSILITIS is inflammation of the tonsils, the 
tonsils are small glands lying at the sides of the 
throat, near the roots of the tongue, when in- 
flamed and reddened or cankered they can easily be seen 
by pressing down the tongue with a spoon handle, and 
they can be readily felt from the outside just under the 
back of the jawbone, they sometimes get as large as half 
a hens' egg. They are very sore, the throat is very stiff, 
and it is hard work to breathe, harder still to swallow. 
The patient is sick all over. It has almost become a 
habit with some doctors to cut the tonsils out even 
before the disease has progressed to a chronic or almost 
chronic stage. 

But God in his wisdom has placed these little glands, 
loaded with reserve force of phagocytes, to not only des- 
troy foreign germs that are in dust, food, etc., are carried 
into your throat and lungs, but to act as sentinels to 



TONSILITIS, QUINSY, RHEUMATISM 127 

warn you when too much invasion has been made that 
there is danger ahead, in that the blood itself is being 
overtaxed by its heavy burden (of germ life, foreign 
substances, rheumatic material, etc.) and if possible call 
you to your senses in regard to a let up on the cause of 
it all — What, when, where and how to eat and drink and 
your habits of life. 

Lincoln never allowed an overworked sentinel to be 
shot, let us in these times of peace treaties not only show 
some quarter to these important little glands of the 
throat called tonsils, but heed their warning also. 

Most people think exposure, change of weather, wet 
feet, nervous shock, etc., are the cause of tonsilitis, this 
is true only in as much as these all have a tendency to 
close the pores of the skin and throw the work of elimina- 
tion all on the mucous surfaces. If the blood was not 
loaded with waste, acids, etc., even this closing of the 
pores would cause little inconvenience or any diseased 
condition of the throat. 

When tonsilitis is present palliation consists of opening 
the pores of the skin, and immediately cleansing the 
intestinal tract with the best thing at hand, these have 
all been mentioned before. Gargle the throat with Glyco- 
Thymoline, Wampoles' Formolid, Borolyptol, or some 
other good antiseptic solution to help nature rid herself 
of the local germs, then air, temperature, exercise, food, 
drink, clothing, sleep and cleanliness, must all receive 
due attention, and the throat should receive as much 
rest as possible. In country places, where up-to-date 



128 CHILDHOOD. 



remedies can not be had, the gargle of salt and water; 
the gargle of vinegar, sugar and water; the gargle of 
water with a few drops of ammonia or alum; the five 
drops of peppermint five times a day, the pennyroyal tea, 
the rhubarb and sulphur (molasses, to sweeten them) 
all have their places, and may be used with a great deal 
of satisfaction. 

Tonsilitis becomes quinsy sore throat when it gathers 
and breaks, and this condition always shows a desperate 
amount of waste in the system that can not be eliminated 
too soon to prevent a recurrence of a similar condition. 
The rheumatic pains that always precede or accompany 
it or follow in the wake of tonsilities are a bane to the 
existence of many people and too few know anything of 
its origin, or how to go about to remove it. This last I 
have tried to tell you; but add that electric massage to 
bring the blood into the parts where it can wash out 
foreign substances is wonderful in its results. If you are 
for any reason unable to obtain the electric massage, any 
strong woman, or better a man, can knead, slap and rub a 
rheumatic joint, shoulder, back or limbs, carefully but 
firmly and persistently until a similar result is produced. 
Don't make the mistake of calling rheumatism growing 
pains. Your child is eating too much. Remove the 
cause, is my oft repeated motto, and then don't drink 
coffee, tea, beer, liquor, nor eat meat to excess, nor over- 
load with other indigestibles, nor get in the habit of loiter- 
ing, nor get too lazy to breathe as you should, and it will 
not return to you. 



Diphtheria. 

DIPHTHERIA is another of the diseases that come 
from waste in the system. It like so many other 
diseases is the outcome of either too much or too 
little food and drink, or food and drink of the wrong kind, 
too strenuous a life, too much work or too vigorous 
exercise, or too little work and too little exercise, too 
much excitement or too quiet a life, too much sleep or 
not enough, too much worry, care and anxiety or con- 
tact with too filthy surroundings. 

If you can see where you are wrong and correct it 
before you are exposed to this or any other disease, you 
will have gained a very important point in the grasp- 
ing of essentials in preventive medicine. The germs of 
diphtheria may invade your system but they positively 
can not live and thrive unless they have suitable material 
to nourish them and they positively cannot absorb live 
tissue. 

If when this book reaches you it is too late to use the 
ounces of prevention and you think you must use the 
proverbial pound of cure, I know the Great Eternal 
Judge will forgive you if you give considerably less than 
sixteen ounces to the pound. The best rule is, as I have 
said before: Eat right, breathe right, work right, 

SLEEP RIGHT, CUT OUT EVERY DISAGREEABLE THOUGHT, 

don't worry. Take what medicine is positively neces- 
sary in small doses, well diluted, often repeated. Don't 
ruin your stomach, heart, or some of your other organs 



130 CHILDHOOD. 



while you are relieving a temorary indisposition. If you 
aren't sure you can aid nature you had better leave her 
alone. Too many people antagonize her, or allow some 
too officious friend to thus interfere. 

Diphtheria may be distinguished from tonsilitis or 
folicular tonsilitis in that you have at first a stiff red 
throat with difficulty and pain in swallowing, then a 
patch of greyish white membrane appears and spreads 
rapidly until it unites over the soft palate and covers the 
pharynx, and sometimes through the nose into the larynx 
and over the lips. It has a foul odor and after several 
days to a week or so the membrane separates and comes 
away in large pieces or sloughs gradually. It should 
never be removed forcibly as it leaves a bleeding sur- 
face. If there are other pathogenic bacteria associated 
with the diphtheria bacillus as the pus forming organisms 
streptococci and staphylococci, the severity of the di- 
sease will be increased accordingly. 

Diphtheria is a very infectious disease and may also 
be carried by fomites. It is dangerous especially if there 
are heart complications, or difficulty in breathing. In- 
cubation period is from two to seven days. Antitoxine, 
properly used 2 or 3 or 5,000 units according to age and 
severity is the best treatment, but a gargle of Peroxide 
of Hydrogen one part to four of water, or a weak Boracic 
acid solution is helpful. The heart, should not be exerted 
by any struggle, and it and the kidneys, etc., should be 
watched for some time, by a competent physician. 



Whooping Cough. 



THIS disease is almost exclusively a complaint of 
childhood. It begins like the croup, followed 
by symptoms similar to catarrh or a cold, lang- 
uor, headache, sneezing. Sleep is disturbed by dreams 
and sudden starting, appetite weak, bowels sluggish, 
slight fever towards evening. 

At first the cough is dry and ringing, in a week or so 
the child begins to whoop, and if the cough is severe the 
child should be watched and raised in bed when the 
paroxysm begins. Nose bleed and vomiting and a sense 
of suffocation when coughing, generally accompany this 
disease, especially in the case of a weak child, but with 
some it gives little more inconvenience than a bad cold. 
The incubation period is from one to two weeks and the 
disease generally lasts from four to six weeks and an 
infection generally comes from direct contact, seldom 
from fomites. 

It is good judgment to expose a child to the whooping 
cough in the summer months, at a time when you can care 
for it right, for the sooner the disease is over with (like 
most diseases that a child has only once in a lifetime), 
the less anxiety one has over a likely infection, and the 
fear of its coming during the cold, wet, windy, variable, 
season, and possibly at a time when you are not present 
to care for it. 



10 



132 CHILDHOOD. 



That whooping cough can be controlled, in a large 
measure and yet have its run so that reinfection will not 
be likely to occur, is a fact at the present time and was 
a fact in many localities, many decades ago, when 
large draughts of weak pennyroyal tea, peppermint, and 
lobelia were about the only herbs used for relaxing the 
system and senna leaves, rhubarb, sulphur and salts, the 
only laxative for the bowels. Aconite and bryonia were 
cautiously used by some and had a very important place, 
as they do at the present time. 

These are the essentials — keep the bowels open and the 
system relaxed, guard against cold draughts, wet feet, 
indigestible food, liquors of any kind, too much very 
cold water except it is given a few swallows at a time, 
wear the same amount of clothing you have been 
accustomed to, night or day. Complications and other 
infections must be treated according to their respective 
natures, and this has been described before. 



Mumps. 

MUMPS is an acute infectious disease, but may be 
carried by fomites, incubation period from 17 
to 2 1 days and consist essentially in an inflamma- 
tion of the parotid glands. With some people it attacks 
only one side, others both sides together and still others 
one side after the other in succession. It begins with a 
sensation of stiffness and soreness about the angle of the 
lower jaw, followed by a swelling which increases for 
about four or five days. When both sides are attacked 
together it gradually subsides, if one follows the other 
the disease is more protracted and painful. There are 
occasionally cases where this disease attacks at the 
same time, all parts of the body it is wont to attack, 
severely. 

The mumps is not a trifling disease. If a cheek is 
suddenly given to the perspiration there is apt to be a 
translation of the disease to the testes of the male and 
to the breasts of the female. This condition is more apt 
to come about in adults than in children, but often in 
both. A check to the perspiration is sometimes followed 
by convulsions, or delirium. Overfeeding, stimulants 
and constipation have brought on a similar condition, as 
well as severe vomiting. 

The disease is not to be dreaded if due care is exer- 
cised in the emptying of the bowels, a slight perspiration 



134 CHILDHOOD. 



kept up, no condiments, and only light food that is easily- 
digested taken into the stomach. Of course it would be 
dangerous to wet the feet and let them remain so, or 
sit in a draft, or drink large draughts of very cold water. 
I would expose a child to the mumps if possible during 
the months from May to November, because I believe 
the sooner the disease is over with the better for its 
health and the parents peace of mind. 



Chicken Pox. 

CHICKEN Pox is so mild a disease there is little 
attention paid to it by writers, medical men or 
parents but as I believe that even the slightest 
malady that inconveniences a child in a greater or a less 
degree, handicaps and shortens life, so I believe it is our 
duty to alleviate always when it is in our power, and that 
is generally, easily done in the case of Chicken Pox. The 
disease generally shows itself in small pimples that grow 
larger and larger, until they show a pus condition, these 
itch and burn and the child often scratches the diseased 
portions of the body (which are sometimes around the 
mouth and nose sometimes the back, sometimes the 
abdomen or only the inside of the thighs, but generally 
local and in patches), until the disease assumes, from the 
germ laden finger nails, a sort of mixed infection, which 
sometimes covers a large unbroken area and often leaves 
a scar surface that does not disappear in a long time 
if at all. 

The best thing to do for this condition is keep it clean 
with pure soap and water, then powder twice or three 
times a day with a powder made from a teaspoonful of 
boracic acid in a cup of corn starch. Internally some- 
thing to keep the bowels open, and open the pores of the 
skin slightly as for a cold. If the child has no cold, pneu- 
monia, bronchial or other complications profuse sweating 



1*6 CHILDHOOD, 



is not necessary and would occasion care on the part of 
those concerned to keep the child from drafts, etc., lest 
it take cold. I have spoken before of Wampole's anti- 
septic solution, Borolyptol, etc., well diluted, as a cooling, 
healing wash for any eruptive surface, except in extreme 
or especial cases where for some reason the doctor has 
otherwise ordered (this means mixed infections or com- 
plications where powerful remedies are necessary to des- 
troy the germ life). 



Small Pox. 

SMALL Pox in the present decade is not the much 
dreaded disease that it was even a few decades 
ago. This is because of our knowledge and use of 
disease germs to fight disease germs, as also their power, 
surgically implanted in the system, to destroy the waste 
material that will feed the same or a similar germ, which 
leaves the system immune to like germ invasion, for a 
certain number of years at least. 

Some years ago (and even yet in remote parts of our 
country where medical and surgical aid are not easily or 
readily obtained) vaccinations were made from one arm 
to another. This is generally bad practice because many 
diseases, even Syphilis, may be transferred in this way to 
the healthiest and most unoffending of our race. 

A vaccination properly done, often relieves the system 
of diseases other than that for which it was intended, 
scrofulous swellings have been removed, whooping cough 
relieved, ophthalmia, skin diseases, etc. Because the 
respective germs are destroyed, or because the waste 
material that feeds them is used up by the germs im- 
planted with the vaccine virus, are the probable causes 
of these results. 

With the present means at hand to obtain pure vaccine 
it is negligent of parents or caretakers of children to allow 



138 CHILDHOOD. 



them to pass the school age at least without having been 
vaccinated. With older people it is especially urgent as 
they meet and mingle with more people, eat, drink, and 
handle many things averaging different degrees of clean- 
liness, with which these have come in contact, therefore 
run a greater risk of infection than do children. Be 
vaccinated, everybody, by all means, but have it done 
right. 

But if you or your's fail to get vaccinated, and do get 
small pox, there are a few things that are very important 
to know. First have your bed and surroundings as cool, 
airy and clean as circumstances will permit, change the 
sheets and night dress often, drink cool water, two or 
three swallows at a time, often as necessary to keep the 
patient comfortable, eat a small amount of plain baked 
apples, easily digested vegetables, easily digested food, 
like beets, boiled rice, rye or barley or plain Indian pud- 
ding, stale bread, rice water, toast water, sugar and 
water, lemonade, any fruit juices, small quantities at a 
time, no pepper spices, etc., 

No animal food should be given — not the least — nor 
any animal broths, no butter or cheese, or any oily sub- 
stance. Even milk is unsafe lest it form a hard curd that 
is always indigestible. No wine, beer or any stimulating 
drinks are ever wise except the patient has been accus- 
tomed to them then allow as little as possible, to a child, 
or one unaccustomed to them, they would be dangerous 
if not fatal. 



SMALL POX. 139 



Washes for all skin diseases have been mentioned 
several times before. 

Small Pox was first minutely described by Rhazes, 
an Arabian physician, who was born in the year 852 and 
it is worthy of note that his plan of treatment though 
made over a thousand years ago, accords with the most 
approved of to-day. 



Measles. 

THE measles is a disease that has characteristics 
all its very own. There is generally languor 
for some days, then difficulty of breathing, 
sneezing, a running nose, a light cough, pains in the 
back, head, chest and limbs, eyes inflamed. Then a 
rash appears that is different from any of the other of 
the eruptive diseases in that there is present a perceptible 
roughness of the skin, this remains for some time, often 
years after, and that the skin is not so red as in the case 
of scarlet fever, etc. 

The disease will make a good appearance on the sur- 
face, except there is a great amount of waste in the 
mucous surfaces to feed germ life, then the eruption 
is pronounced through the intestinal tract and often 
causes a severe indigestion, generally intestinal, then 
fever, earache, and many other complications are likely 
to ensue. The kidneys, the bladder, throat, all mucous 
surfaces are tender, and often take on complicated, 
painful conditions that are hard to overcome. 

The very best thing to bring out the measles is an 
often repeated cup of weak pennyroyal tea, the herb or 
essence (one half ounce of oil to three and a half of 
alcohol in a four ounce bottle) three to five drops on a 
teaspoonful of sugar, in a cup of water and milk, several 
times a day for the first few days of the disease at least, 



MEASLES. 141 



the same as for a cold. If there is constipation, a tea- 
spoonful of Senna leaves steeped and drank at least 
once a day is helpful and harmless. If there is fever, 
from five to ten drops of aconite in a four ounce bottle 
of water, a teaspoonful every hour for a few hours and 
again the next day until the four ounces at least is used. 
Bryonia, five to ten drops in a four ounce bottle of water, 
a teaspoonful eight or ten times a day will loosen the 
cough, and ease the mucous surfaces. 

Stimulants, except a man has been accustomed to 
them continually, all condiments, meat, and every food 
at all hard to digest should be cut out. Condensed milk, 
malted milk, peptonized milk, are better than fresh milk 
at this time because they do not form a curd that is in- 
digestible. Baked apples, rice, meal gruel, toast, cereals, 
etc., are the only reasonable diet, and the more sparingly 
these are used the better for the patient. 

It is important to keep the eyes from the light or pro- 
tected by dark glasses and bathe the child in some well- 
diluted antiseptic solution, not too cold, to allay the 
itching if it is intense. Plain vaseline, or a carbolized 
vaseline, or balm of Gilead salve or a camphor salve are 
cooling, soothing and healing, but should be used spar- 
ingly, so as not to obstruct the pores of the skin too much. 

The incubation period is from nine to twenty- two days. 
Measles is very contagious. It is carried through the 
air for a short distance, or in a person's clothes for days 
to other houses. 



142 CHILDHOOD. 



Measles are not to be dreaded if complications are 
guarded against by preventive medicine. The bowels 
and pores open are the first thought, and then keep the 
child in the same temperature he has been accustomed 
to. Keep all hot water bottles away except in extreme 
complicated cases. Give the child fresh air but no draft. 



Scarlet Fever. 



SCARLET FEVER generally begins with a sudden 
attack of vomiting. Then follows a rash on neck 
and chest which spreads over the entire body. 
It is infectious, contagious, and may be carried in the 
clothes of those who minister to the patient; or an epi- 
demic may occur from the milk supply being contami- 
nated, or from patients who are peeling. 

Incubation period from two to six days and catching 
until all peeling has ceased. 

Scarlet fever is a disease not to be trifled with. The 
bowels should be kept open, the skin moist with a mild 
perspiration (not in a close room or under heavy bed 
clothes or by dressing too warm). 

The food should be light, no animal food whatever 
for several weeks and easily digestible food, and the 
patient should have all of the water he wants, a few 
swallows at a time, positively no fermented or distilled 
drinks, or condiments, except he has been so accustomed 
to them that it would be dangerous to take them from 
him. 

The directions given for the skin, mucous surfaces and 
bowels in measles will be the best as home remedies in 
scarlet fever also. 

The disease is generally diagnosed from the tongue 
having a deep fur, then the enlarged papillae show 



144 CHILDHOOD. 



through the white (strawberry tongue), and pressing on 
the skin leaves a white spot for an instant. In three or 
four days the white disappears leaving a red tongue with 
enlarged papillae (mulberry tongue). The throat may 
be red and sore, the tonsils enlarged or some patches of 
membrane, according to the severity of the case; some- 
times diphtheria complications; and in very rare cases 
suppuration or gangrene. 

The fever is high from the start and usually on the 
second day has reached its highest point. In mild cases 
it generally falls to normal in from four to seven days. 
A recurrence of the fever means overeating, error in diet, 
or some complication, and there will follow headache, 
restlessness, and sometimes delirium or coma, or pur- 
puric rash and also hemorrhages from the mucous mem- 
branes, bladder, etc., these latter mean malignant 
scarlet fever, and death has taken place within the first 
two or three days. 

If a patient recovers from a severe case of scarlet 
fever, he should be kept close watch of and carefully 
tended as regards the condition of his ears, eyes, nose, 
throat, heart, kidneys, etc., to get them in as good con- 
dition as possible. 

Many doctors even are not careful enough in the diag- 
nosis of diseases and they often quarantine for scarlet 
fever when only food rashes are present. The diagnosis 
is at times very difficult. It is often confused with 
Acute Exfoliated Dermatitis, which has a sudden onset, 



SCARLET FEVER. 145 



fever lasting a week or so, and followed by peeling even 
more marked than in scarlet fever. The tongue and 
throat are usually unaffected, but the hair and nails in- 
volved. This trouble may occur again and again. 
German measles are often the cause of some difficulty 
in the diagnosis of scarlet fever, but the enlarged lymph 
glands, no throat symptoms, and absence of constitu- 
tional disturbances generally settle this disease. 

It is sometimes difficult to tell without cultures 
whether one has diphtheria with a bad rash or scarlet 
fever with a bad throat. The history of exposure to the 
disease and the persistence of the rash in scarlet fever are 
the best helps. 

There may be scarlet rashes in blood poisoning which 
resemble scarlet fever almost exactly. 

Peculiar rashes follow the use of quinine, Belladonna 
copabia, Iodide of Potassium, etc. These are not at- 
tended with fever, and are usually transient. 

Certain kinds of meat, chicken and pork especially, 
and some kinds of food bring on a rash for a few hours 
only, with some children. 



Typhoid Fever. 



TYPHOID FEVER is an acute infectious disease 
caused generally by drinking bacillus typhosus 
in contaminated water or milk or by eating 
contaminated oysters, or by carelessness while caring 
for one who has it. It is characterized anatomically by 
swelling and ulcerations of the lymph follicles of the 
intestine, enlargement of the spleen and mesenteric 
lymph nodes, and clinically by continued fever, a rose red 
eruption, toxemia, abdominal tenderness, and diarrhoea. 
The course and symptoms are said to never be twice 
alike. The incubative period is generally two or three 
weeks. The fever is irregular but continuous, tempera- 
ture generally lower than that of any other fever. Dur- 
ing convalescence an error in diet may cause renewed 
fever, which is even more dangerous than the first. Rose- 
colored spots appear on the back and abdomen about 
the tenth day. The spots last about four days and dis- 
appear, but successive crops appear for a week or more. 
There may be delirium or a general nervous condition 
or there may be symptoms similar to meningitis. There 
is generally marked emaciation. The average duration 
of the disease in childhood is about two weeks. Hemor- 
rhages from the bowels are rare in children but should 
they occur, absolute rest is necessary, morphia hypo- 
dermatically to control the bowels, no food but bits of 
ice are given. Many a man has lost his life by insisting 



TYPHOID FEVER. 147 



upon getting out of bed or walking or returning home on 
the cars or by some other conveyance after he had been 
made aware of the fact that he had contracted this dis- 
ease. Perfect quiet is more essential with this than any 
other disease to which flesh is heir, because of the danger 
of hemorrhage, which is many times fatal. 

A continued fever with rose spots and an enlarged 
spleen can safely be called typhoid, if malaria, tubercu- 
losis and ileo-colitis have been excluded. 

Perfect rest in bed, liquid food, easily digested, spong- 
ing to reduce the temperature and allay nervous symp- 
toms, a heart tonic if required, the bowels moved by a 
mild cathartic or enema at least once a day, and, if 
diarrhoea is present, a suppository of opium by the rec- 
tum and a small amount by the mouth are the rule of 
some doctors ; others give a small dose of some antiseptic 
solution as often as considered advisable to keep the 
inner bowel clean and control the diarrhoea. 

Years ago a small dose (what could be held on the 
point of a pen-knife) of powdered alum was given by the 
mouth, and a weak solution of the same used as an enema 
— this, in competent hands, was a success, even in epi- 
demics, without the loss of a patient. Bryonia was given 
to complement (as an antidote) this remedy; five to ten 
drops in a four ounce bottle of water (the first day, a 
teaspoonful every hour or so, then not so often). There 
are many other remedies that are indicated in a severe 
case of typhoid fever but the skill and judgment of a 
competent physician is essential in the handling of them. 
11 



Cerebrospinal Fever. (Epidemic Cerebro- 
spinal Meningitis). 



AN infectious disease characterized by inflammation 
of the brain and spinal cord. It occurs sporadi- 
cally and epidemically. Symptoms and course 
of the disease are not regular. Stage of incubation un- 
known. 

The ordinary form has usually a sudden onset, with 
headache, chill and vomiting. There is frequently stiff- 
ness of the neck, photophobia, and dread of noise. There 
are headaches and pain in the back and limbs. There 
is stiffness of the muscles and often tonic or clonic spasms. 
There is restlessness, delirium or coma. Paralysis of 
various muscles, especially of those supplied by the 
cranial nerves, is common. Optic neuritis may occur as a 
result of cranial pressure, or there may be a direct exten- 
sion of the inflammation. Skin eruptions are common, 
especially herpes. There may be purpuric rash or simple 
erythema, erythema nodosum, or urticaria. A flush 
follows drawing any object across the skin and this 
remains. There is strong contraction of the flexor mus- 
cles, in attempting to extend the legs, a lightening like 
contraction is elicited by tapping any part of the bony 
frame work with a percussion hammer. 

The temperature is variable. It may be high or low. 
The pulse is at first rapid, later slow and full, becoming 



CEREBROSPINAL FEVER. 149 

more rapid before death. Deep-sighing respiration is 
common. 

The diplococus, intracellularis, meningitidis of Weich- 
selbaum is constantly associated with the disease. Over- 
crowding, overexertion, exposure or a continual irritation 
of the nerves, seem to be predisposing factors. 

There are some unusual forms, such as fulminating 
or apopleptic meningitis — a sudden onset, with chills, 
headache, delerium or coma, convulsions, fever, slow, 
weak pulse, and death within a day or two; abortive 
form where the disease starts with the symptoms of the 
ordinary form, but rapid recovery takes place after a 
few days; intermittent form — has a fever resembling 
malarial, chronic form where the symptoms may persist 
for weeks or even months generally ending fatally. 

What is called the Lumbar Puncture, between the 
third and fourth spinous processes is done on some cases 
at the present time. This operation consists of taking a 
few drops of fluid from the spinal canal. It must be done 
right to be safe. This fluid must be examined at a re- 
liable laboratory, for bacteria or cells, in order to be of 
any value. Apparently sterile fluid has been tested by 
injections into guinea pigs and found to contain tubercle 
bacillus. This is an important finding as it helps to es- 
tablish the fact that the trouble is not true cerebro-spinal 
meningitis. The tubercular variety is not so dreaded, 
and there is more hope of a recovery for the patient. 



IsO CHILDHOOD. 



In cases dying early there is intense congestion of the 
meninges, later along there is a fibrino purulent exudate 
between the dura and pia mater. In chronic cases there 
is a decided thickening of the meninges. 

Pneumonia, pericarditis, and arthritis are the most 
frequent complications but paralysis, deafness, or men- 
tal deterioration may follow this disease in the usual or 
or unusual form, but, because there have been cases*that 
have made a seemingly, perfect recovery, the parents or 
doctor should never give up. 

This disease needs a first class doctor from the start, 
the skillful careful surgeon has his place also in not a few 
cases. 



Accidents and Emergencies. 



IF you keep ever so close watch of a child you will once 
in a while have an accident happen. A little risk 
seems to afford a powerful satisfaction to most 
normal children and generally the more risk the more 
satisfaction. Then there are many things that they 
have to learn that necessitates a certain amount of risk — 
riding, rowing, swimming, running, jumping, whittling, 
etc. 

In riding they will oftentimes get a fall that will break 
a bone, or bruise or scratch them considerably, or bring 
on a rupture. In rowing or swimming they might fall 
overboard, or get water in the lungs, or a fish hook, or 
a needle in a finger or some other part of the body. In 
running or jumping they are apt to get a fall, or faint, 
or have the heart give out. In whittling they might 
cut off a finger, or make a slight or deep incision. 

In the case of a broken bone it is well for those who 
are nearest to realize that many bones can be set by 
anyone with a little nerve. If it is a case of dislocated 
joint, put the two limbs side by side and look them over 
carefully, then pull the broken one until it slips into 
place and looks like its companion. If the pain is re- 
lieved you can rest assured that you are nor far from 
right. If you have any doubts in your mind, see a 
competent doctor, or other person of ability in that line, 



152 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 

immediately, no matter how great the distance, because 
you need both arms and both legs if it is possible to 
keep them. 

If you have a green stick fracture it is well to be cau- 
tious lest you break the bone through the other way. 

If the bone is smashed in many pieces the task of 
setting will stagger some doctors, and even surgeons. 
Sometimes, in the case of men who lift much, the muscles 
are so strong that they pull the broken bones by each 
other so persistently that the only way to be sure of a 
good arm is to open to the bone and screw a steel plate 
across the broken space to hold the bone in place, and 
put a plaster of pans splint over this to be doubly sure. 

A person or a child that has had a fall of any account 
should be looked over very carefully by a competent 
person, if not a surgeon, because many times a child 
will carry broken ribs or a broken collar bone, or a 
fractured finger or wrist, until it is past correction, 
without making sufficient ado about it to call the at- 
tention of those in authority. 

Sprains, bruises and scratches are taken care of to-day 
by many people who are ready with their little roll, 
containing everything that is needed in the "first aid 
to the injured" so-called. Insurance companies furnish 
these outfits to many people in many places and they 
are for sale in all stores where such supplies are handled. 
Boy scouts are generally supplied with them and it is 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 153 

a good plan to have every boy, yes, and every girl, 
have one and learn how to use it. 

The sooner an accident is cared for the better, and it 
is time that the dirty handkerchief and the chew of 
tobacco were replaced by intelligent action. Balm of 
Gilead was the favorite remedy for bruises in our grand- 
mothers' time and it has lost none of its virtue. Witch 
hazel has its place. Arnica should not be used where 
the skin is broken. Hot salt and water and cold com- 
presses are excellent, and it is well to remember that 
firm pressure will stop the swelling from a bruise, and 
prevent its turning dark, often. 

A twenty-five per cent, ichthyol ointment will drain 
the water out and make the swelling disappear sooner 
than anything else. I often use this remedy to reduce 
the size of a rupture so that it can be replaced with 
little difficulty. Sometimes by only placing the child 
in a reclining position with its head lower than its body, 
and requesting it to draw in deep breaths, the bulging 
portion will be drawn back into the body. The acci- 
dental rupture should be taken care of immediately 
and, with some, no further difficulty is experienced. 
If it should protrude again a compress should be made 
to keep it in place. The size a little larger than the 
opening, always, and this should be worn all the time 
until a cure is assured. There is always danger if a 
rupture remains out for any length of time that the 



154 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 

circulation will be cut off and vomiting and serious 
trouble follow. 

In the case of an accidental drowning or even an acci- 
dental fall in the water it is well to have everyone keep 
their heads and become useful. The person can be 
lifted up with your hands under the middle of his 
stomach or back and let fall again suddenly to draw 
the air into the lungs and expel it again, he can be laid 
over a barrel and rolled and slapped, the arms can be 
brought against the sides in a swinging motion. He 
can be held up by the feet and slapped on the back — ■ 
quick, short slaps — shook, arms pressed against the 
sides, and every other means at hand used and persisted 
in until you get results, or are sure results are out of 
the question. 

I knew one boy that had been drowned and, after 
the bystanders had given up the idea of resuscitation, 
he was taken to his home on horseback. The jolting 
threw the water out of the lungs and he was sitting 
upright before arriving at his destination. Perfect 
quiet, heat and some stimulant should be the course 
pursued after drowning. I have seen the hot sand on 
the sea shore used to advantage. 

If a fish hook has entered the body anywhere it should 
be pushed through and the beard filed off or pinched 
off with wire cutters, then it can be easily removed. 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 155 

If a needle has entered and remained in the flesh great 
care should be taken not to break it in removing it, 
and it should be examined very carefully to see that 
it is intact. If it has been broken save the fragments 
to show the doctor or other person who is to remove it, 
that they may better know what they have yet to find. 
Splinters should be removed even more carefully, tacks 
and pins are easily removed, but they are often the 
cause of more trouble from the fact that they leave 
more poison behind them. Make the blood flow as 
much as is consistent with good judgment by gently 
pinching and if necessary by making a larger opening, 
so that the blood will wash out all foreign substances. 
If there is a tendency to swelling a warm poultice must 
be applied and kept hot until the part is drained out. 

If fainting should occur, or the heart give out, place 
the patient on the back and chafe the hands, put water 
on the face, and take the patient into the fresh air. If 
acute indigestion is the cause maneuvers similar to 
that used in the instance of drowning will sometimes 
bring up the gas and relieve the pressure on the heart. 
People or children who have weak hearts should never 
walk fast or do any vigorous exercise or bathe immedi- 
ately after eating, because it will set up indigestion, 
which is dangerous in their condition. Aromatic Spirits 
of Ammonia Acidol Pepsin, Bayer, or any correct 
combination of Hydrochloric acid and Pepsin, sometimes 



156 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 

Pepsin alone, Hypophosphites of Lime and Soda, 
Schlotterbeck's, and often baking soda will bring up 
the gas and bring relief to the heart. 

If a child should cut a ringer, let it bleed freely, in 
reason, to wash out the poison or foreign substances, 
wash it in water as hot as can be borne to stop the 
bleeding, and then, if it is a deep cut, draw the tendons 
together and sew them, and sew the cut up with a clean 
silk or thread if you haven't the cat gut. The silk or 
thread should be boiled if possible, but in the loss of a 
hand or limb you have to use the best means you have 
at hand, because delay and the loss of blood is more 
dangerous than the lack of care that you are forced to 
consider. If the blood spurts out, an artery has been 
cut. Bleeding from this or any other wound can always 
be stopped by making pressure with the finger directly 
into the wound. The pressure must be constant, and 
not relaxed every few minutes to see if the flow has 
ceased. A tight cord of anything at hand — twisted 
handkerchief, underskirt torn in strips, etc., etc., have 
to be resorted to but are dangerous if left on too long, 
and very painful. I have known two cases where a 
child cut its finger completely of! and it was washed 
and replaced and grew back on. In one case the mother 
held the ringer in place until the doctor arrived. 

Burns and scalding with hot liquid of any kind are 
very painful, may leave deep scars, and are often very 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 157 

hard to heal. They are dangerous if an area as large 
as half the body is involved, but if the child can be placed 
immediately in a solution of salt and water, a bath tub 
if possible, the clothing can be removed with less diffi- 
culty and less loss of skin or flesh. A folded sheet in 
the bottom of the bath tub will make the little body 
more comfortable, a white blanket or anything at hand 
will do to make an immediate soft rest. If the head or 
face is burned great care and judgment must be used to 
keep the wet cloths on the burned places, and not get 
the water into the lungs. After a season, longer or 
shorter, the burning and smarting will cease and the 
child had best be wrapped in sheets or other old linen 
which has been soaked in vaseline, butter, fresh or salt, 
tallow, lard, cream, any bland oil that will keep the 
cloth from sticking and keep the air from the injured 
surface. 

Cloths should never be pulled from a burn, because 
destruction to the tissue is sure. With children it is 
hard to keep them quiet, they loosen the bandage in 
moving around, tearing with it any newly formed skin 
or flesh. Where one is determined and the parents or 
caretakers will do all in their power to assist the doctor 
perfectly wonderful results can be obtained. I once 
had a woven wire splint made and strapped it in place 
over half the body, dusted surgical powder through it 
onto the burned area, pulling clean underwear over it 
to protect it from the air or germs. For a burned leg 



158 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 

or arm I always use a woven wire splint. I recently 

cured an area on a child's leg that reached from above 

• 

its knee to its ankle. I was obliged to put a strap 
around the top and bottom of the splint, sew a broad 
strap to that, sew this to a band around the waist and 
fasten the band to a strap over the shoulder before I was 
able to hold the splint in place. I dusted surgical powder 
through the splint to cover the surface and pulled a 
clean drawers' leg over all to protect it. This leg had 
been burned over a year and from the constant tearing 
off of the bandages had become deep and infected and 
the cord of the leg drawn up three or four inches. 

For burns that I see immediately I use a salve made 
of Bismuth, Phenol, Zinc oxide, Ichthoyol, Resorcin, 
Eucalyptus, Benzoin and Lanolin. With this I cover 
the entire surface and the pain is relieved almost im- 
mediately. Every home should be supplied with some- 
thing like this for burns, Eczema, Hives, Rhus Tox 
Poisoning, etc. Don't use any old salve that anyone 
hands you, but get it from a reliable doctor or a reliable 
house. 

Burns with acid should be immediately washed with 
clear water, plenty of it, if common baking soda is at 
hand put a handful in the water to counteract the acid. 
Burns with alkali should be washed with vinegar and 
water, if at hand, or any acid. Sour milk, etc., has been 
used many times for burns from soft soap or hot lye. 



ACCIDENTS A-ND EMERGENCIES. 159 

Every child, every man or woman should be taught 
to lay a burning child or person flat on the floor, to 
prevent the flames from reaching the face, and wrap a 
rug, a quilt, a woolen blanket, a sheet (woolen is better, 
if at hand, but cotton will do if it is used quickly enough 
so that it will smother the flames before igniting) — any- 
thing around it to smother the flames. 

If there is nothing at hand large enough to wrap the 
child around it can often be pounded out with a hat, 
a skirt, a coat, a bunch of hay, a cedar bough, if one 
works quickly enough. 

Freezing of any part of the body, chin, ears, hands, 
feet, has to be treated very similarly to a burn — put 
in cold water, packed in snow or ice, or cold milk. The 
destruction to tissue is the same as a burn, and if slough- 
ing occurs it must be dressed about the same until healed. 

Chillblains are often the result of a frozen foot or heel. 
Treatment consists in improving the general health, 
easy shoes, woolen stockings, some astringent solution — 
iron, hemlock bark, etc., or painting , with iodine. Twen- 
ty-five per cent. Ichthyol ointment will help faster than 
anything else to restore a normal condition. Balm of 
Gilead will take the soreness out the same as for a sprain 
or bruise. 

You will often find children complain about a sore 
spot under the chin, a lame ear, a tender cheek, and they 
can assign no cause for it. If they have been exposed 



l6o ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 

to the cold you will make no mistake by calling it frozen 
or chilled. 

Poisoned wounds are sometimes dangerous but more 
often they are only painful or annoying. Insect stings, 
mosquito bites, dog bites, snake bites, are classed under 
this head. If the stinger of an insect is still in the wound 
it should be carefully removed. Then Peroxide of Hy- 
drogen, Wampole's Formolid, Iodine, Ammonia, Spirits 
of Camphor, Balm of Gilead, Alcohol, or any antiseptic 
can be used. A pack of cold water bound on tightly 
will prevent swelling. 

Mosquito bites are of the same class and often the 
mosquito's bill will be left in the puncture. The child 
should be kept from the mosquito by every device pos- 
sible, because poison in a child's body is certainly not 
an addition to its comfort or well-being in any way. 

Peppermint essence or any of the above mentioned 
liquids will allay the irritation. If you wash your mouth 
often, have no throat or nose trouble, use no tobacco, 
have no ulcerated teeth, or other infectious diseases of 
the mouth, we might tolerate your putting a particle 
of the saliva from your mouth on the wound. This is 
nature's remedy for a wound or sting or bite, and will 
heal more rapidly than anything you can use. If your 
mouth isn't clean you are likely to infect the wound and 
produce inflammation, disease, or even death. The 
baby's mouth is generally aseptic, and you run little 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. l6l 

risk in using the saliva from its mouth. A dog, horse, 
or other animal uses this nature's remedy and it generally 
answers the purpose to which it is assigned — healing 
and soothing. 

Dog bites, cat or rat bites are sometimes productive 
of severe inflammation, and even of decided illness, but 
it is more seldom than one would expect that hydro- 
phobia follows. The fright does more harm than the 
bite, often. The idea of sucking the wound is excellent 
if you can reach it, or have a friend near who will assist 
you. Pressing the blood out sufficiently to wash the 
wound is wise, but if the dog is undoubtedly mad the 
part should be cut out quickly or cauterized deeply 
with a red hot iron or carbolic acid or some mineral acid 
such as sulphuric or nitric. 

Snake bites are fortunately not often met with in this 
part of the world but where they do occur a cord should 
at once be tied above the limb to keep the poison out 
of the general circulation and then treated the same as 
a dog bite. In all cases of accidents or emergency it is 
wise to give physic, and I give a few drops of aconite 
and bryonia in a four ounce bottle of water, a teaspoonful 
every half hour for three or four hours at least. A heart 
tonic is necessary in some cases, but if you must use 
whiskey, I prefer to have it on the outside. 

Sunburn is sometimes very severely painful and will 
continue to cause great suffering except a healing salve 



l62 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 

is applied. One of the best is made by boiling the waxy- 
Balm of Gilead buds in one part of spermacetta and two 
of vaseline (white preferred) ; another, a piece of gum 
camphor, treated in the same way (a cupful of the buds 
to the pint, gum camphor as big as a thimble). Children 
who run and play in the sun are healthier, but should 
be protected with a broad-brimmed hat in the heat of 
the day, at least, and especially at the seashore. Sun- 
burn blisters, the same as burns proceeding from any 
other cause should be punctured at the lower edge to 
let out the water (with a needle that has been held in a 
flame for a moment to sterilize it) . If the water remains 
in the blister it will rot and be likely to infect the flesh 
involved. 

Foreign bodies in the eye, ear, nose or throat should 
be cared for immediately. The eye is most important 
because the damage is greater for every moment a 
foreign body remains in it. The best way to remove a 
particle of sand or dust or a cinder or sawdust and the 
like, is to hold a pencil against the upper lid and, by 
the winkers, turn the lid up over this. A touch of the 
finger is the best way to remove most of the above, but 
for steel and other metal use a magnet, or forceps. A 
careful, prudent woman or man can do this with less 
damage than would be caused by the delay if the doctor 
was at some distance. His attention can be had if 
necessary, notwithstanding. Holding the opposite side 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 163 

of the nose and blowing the other that the tears may run 
from the eye through the nose and bring the disturbing 
body with it is often resorted to. 

Anything in the ear can generally be removed with 
the curved end of a hairpin, but sometimes it is necessary 
to use a syringe with warm water, and let the substance 
float out. Sweet oil or Castor oil may be used if neces- 
sary. If you are not somewhat skillful you had better 
leave this task for the doctor or someone who is, as you 
might push it farther in, and if let alone it will do less 
harm. Wise people have a tiny pair of forceps in the 
house that can be used in such an emergency. 

Some children have a great tendency to put beans, 
peas, corn, tiny stones, beads — almost anything they 
are playing with — into the nose. By using snuff, pepper, 
or shaking a box of powdered soap under the nose of 
the little one, sneezing can be produced that will dis- 
lodge the obstruction. This must be done immediately, 
if possible before the kernel swells. Sometimes it is 
necessary to use forceps, and some force, but it is always 
best to have someone who understands to remove the 
obstacle. 

Anything swallowed when the throat is relaxed, when 
the person is coughing, sneezing or laughing is apt to 
get into the windpipe, because the epiglottis (the little 
natural covering of the windpipe) is spasmodically drawn 
out of place for an instant. Hold the child by its feet 
immediately to dislodge it. Little, quick, short slaps on 
12 



164 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 

the shoulders will help. If a fish bone gets into the 
throat a person with a steady nerve can cut it in two 
with scissors, and carefully pull one piece at a time 
out with scissors. A person who can keep his nerve 
assures the child and it keeps its nerve, which helps 
always in an emergency. Anything swallowed in the 
nature of a penny, marble, button, or the like, need give 
no alarm, and if it is not very poisonous in its nature 
so that it is important to get it out of the system immed- 
iately, it is best not to give physic, because it will pack 
in the harder mass in the bowels and pass with less 
difficulty. 

Stick pins and fish hooks and the like should not be 
given to a child to play with, but if one should become 
lodged in the throat a long button hook might be of 
service in its removal, but a hair pin is a woman's 
weapon, and she'll manage to bend it in some way to 
accomplish all her ends. 

If there seems no way possible of getting the article 
out of the throat, give the child a piece of dry bread 
to eat and that will generally carry it down. 

Some children are very apt to have nose bleed and 
this difficulty should be attended to, the cause first 
considered, and it will be found primarily to be the result 
of a weakened constitution; tone up your system and 
your nose bleed will gradually come less often, and 
finally disappear. Generally Typhoid Fever, Malaria, 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 165 

Heart or Liver Trouble are the first cause. It may be 
idiosyncrasy or nervousness or anything that disturbs 
the digestion and causes malnutrition. Pressure on the 
upper lip at the outer edge of each nostril or just at the 
inner angle of each eye will stop any ordinary nose 
bleed. A piece of ice or cold water on the forehead and 
at the back of the neck will cool the blood and cause 
more rapid coagulation. Sometimes it is necessary to 
pack the nose with cotton, back and front. The child 
should not be allowed to blow the nose for sometime, 
as that may start a new flow of blood. Tannin and alum 
are home remedies, but doctors use an animal product 
that comes from the glands (it has a different name, 
according to the drug company that puts it up). A 
mustard foot bath is sometimes recommended to draw 
the blood away from the nose, but is seldom used. 

Swallowing poison purposely or accidentally is an 
emergency that demands immediate attention, presence 
of mind, and nerve. It is a gross mistake to leave any- 
thing around that is likely in any way to be taken by 
mistake for medicine. But if in confusion of bottles, 
you should swallow poison, run your finger down your 
throat and keep it up until every particle of the contents 
of the stomach has been ejected. Removal is better than 
antidote, and surer. If it is a child that has taken poison 
you can easily accomplish your purpose in the same way. 
It is best to follow this with warm mustard water, egg and 



l66 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 

water, flour and water, starch and water or milk, and 
then produce vomiting again, to be sure that the stomach 
is thoroughly washed out. A glass of milk or the white 
of an egg stirred slowly in the glass of water or a glass 
of flour and water may be given to soothe the stomach 
after the vomiting has ceased. Give a physic that will 
work quick and something to open the pores of the skin, 
stimulate the heart if necessary. Heat and rest in bed 
are necessary in all except narcotic poisoning, such as 
opium, chloral, etc. With these last you must keep the 
patient awake and artificial respiration is sometimes 
necessary the same as for drowning. 

When the breathing begins bring the arms to the sides 
to help each breath to be fuller. It is important also to 
keep perfect time with the breathing, else you will hinder 
rather than help. Ever remember that a child will 
generally rally. It may be almost imperceptible at first. 

Jeaunels' general antidote is said to neutralize acids, 
arsenic, digitalis, zinc and, to some extent, copper, 
morphine and strychnine, but to be of no value against 
phosphorus, and but little against corrosive sublimate. 
After its administration soothing drinks should be given 
— egg and water, milk, etc. 

Poisoning externally is equally as important as the 
above mentioned, and it is important to know what 
your trouble is and what the remedy. Poison Ivy (Rhus 
toxicodendron) is among the most distressing, but the 
simple maxim, "A hair from the dog will cure the bite," 



ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 167 

can be followed in this matter with very pleasing results. 
A little of the plant steeped, a swallow ; at a time, will 
remove the rash almost immediately, but the dose must 
be tiny, as this is a poison you must remember. Doctors 
have a preparation from the herb that they use scientifi- 
cally and very effectively. The bowels must be opened. 
Astringents or Wampole's Formolid externally are not 
without excellent results. Bryonia is a good complement 
to take internally, small doses often repeated, same as 
for a cold. 

Some children can handle poison ivy with impunity, 
others can hardly look at it without the rash coming 
out in abundance almost immediately, others have no 
show of rash for at least a day. This plant has clusters 
of three leaves, very shiny, a vine. 

The swamp dogwood or poison elder must be consid- 
ered under this head. It is even more virulent than the 
poison ivy (scientific name, Rhus venenata). This 
plant or shrub is from ten to eighteen feet high, but 
while very poisonous is less dangerous to children be- 
cause of its location in swamps. The Rhus diversiloba, 
which goes by the name of poison oak, grows on the 
Pacific coast. It is also poison to come in contact with. 

The above can all be used, from the third to the thir- 
teenth potency, internally to act as an antidote, not 
only to their own respective poisons, but that of rheu- 
matism, septic conditions, etc. 



l68 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 

The poison of the nettle can be allayed almost im- 
mediately by Wampole's Formolid. Witch Hazel, 
Balm of Gilead (in salve or solution, as before recom- 
mended), are excellent for a case of nettle rash. 

Any poison rash must be treated much like a burn or 
a frozen part of the body. (I saw the time once, years 
ago, that I would have given up a ten spot to have 
known this). The older method of bathing these poison 
areas in salt and water was excellent, although the reason 
was then obscure. 

The normal salt solution internally and externally, 
as well as in the veins, is now well understood and, if 
used properly, is of great benefit, often saving life. 



Dosage Suggestions. 



NEVER give a dose of medicine without a definite 
indication. 

Never give one unnecessary dose, but be sure 
you have conquered your malady. 

Give small doses often repeated, almost without ex- 
ception, because it is less likely to cause indigestion, 
and more likely to be taken directly into the blood 
where it is generally expected to go. 

Give a pleasant-tasting dose if possible in everything 
except poisons. If these are bitter they are less likely 
to drink enough to injure them. 

Avoid drugs that produce nausea, except you desire 
that result, because they destroy the appetite and en- 
danger nutrition. 

Give simple prescriptions. One drug by itself will 
do better work and you will know if it is producing re- 
sults. 

As far as possible, read the label on the bottle three 
times and see, smell and taste every dose of medicine 
you give to a child, this will avoid accidents. 

The size of a dose of medicine is a very important 
problem. The old rule is in fractions — add twelve to 
the age in years and divide its age by the sum. A child 
three years old would thus be given one fifth of the adult 



170 DOSAGE SUGGESTIONS. 

dose. For children under one year give very tiny doses. 
Find the dose for a child one year old and then use about 
one twelfth of that for each month of the infant's age. 

Earache, rheumatic pains anywhere can generally be 
relieved by an injection of salt and water — a teaspoonful 
to the quart. Should the earache return, give another 
injection, and repeat at intervals, until the intestinal 
tract is thoroughly cleansed. Follow this by a tenth 
grain of calomel every ten minutes until you have given 
five or ten, and then give a little senna in small doses, 
as needed to keep the intestinal tract clean. Oil, cas- 
cara, rhubarb, milk of magnesia, brick magnesia, manna, 
sulphur and molasses, and many more remedies are used 
as laxatives to the bowels, and they are of first impor- 
tance in the keeping of children well after you have 
carefully considered, or while you are considering, the 
right kind of food, which will always take care of the 
bowel movement without medicine. 

Fairchild's pepsin, panopepton, lime and soda, anise 
water, cinnamon water, fennel water, peppermint water, 
catnip water, pennyroyal, are all good for the stomach 
if it has been abused. Taka-diastase will help digest 
starch. One half to three grains of Cerium exalate to 
control vomiting. The tenth grain of calomel, one every 
ten minutes until you get ten, is fine, but the cause of 
the vomiting must control your action, sometimes it is 
necessary to give a little anodyne to quiet the stomach. 
Codein is of especial value for children, if necessary. 



DOSAGE SUGGESTIONS. 171 

But opium and its derivatives should be used only in 
extreme cases. In spasms from acute indigestion or 
stoppage, two or three drops of chloroform at the nose 
are productive of results, they relax the little one. An 
injection must be given immediately, and other means 
used to get the bowels open. 

Stimulants, liquors, strychnine, Merk's digitalin, cam- 
phor, digitalis, belladonna, atropin and hyoscyamus all 
have a place in medicine, but prevention is better than 
cure. 

Eat the right food and avoid excesses and you won't 
need any of the above. 

Tonics of importance are iron, cod liver oil, nux 
vomica — and its alkaloid, strychnine — quinine, arsenic 
— and this last is used (Fowler's solution) one drop the 
first day, two the second, three the third, up to the tenth 
day, and then nine, eight, seven, etc., to one drop for 
the next ten days, with excellent results, especially if 
there is an anemic condition, or exematous, and with 
some chronic sores. 

To correct hyper-acidity, magnesia, soda bi-carbonate, 
aromatic spirits of ammonia, hypophosphites of lime 
and soda, Schlotterbech's, are useful. 

Rheumatism is generally controlled by aspirin, sali- 
cylic acid, sodium salicilate, salol, salophen, salipyrin, 
and some poisons, such as that from a bee sting, poison 
ivy and the like, where a desperate poison causes the 
pain and is to be counteracted. 



172 DOSAGE SUGGESTIONS. 

Summer diarrhoea is controlled by chalk mixture, 
bismuth and any of the derivatives of tannic acid — 
tanigen, tanalbin, tanopin, protan — or blackberry leaf 
tea, raspberry tea, alum, but either must be given only 
after a thorough cleansing of the bowels. 

Urotropin is useful in all conditions where pus is 
found in the urine, but eryngium, Lloyd, is a specific 
in many troubles of the bladder. 

Powdered alum and powdered sugar, equal parts, 
will cure canker spots in the mouth, and many sorts of 
granulation, use sparingly. Silver nitrate, generally 
used in the shape of a stick of lunar caustic, is useful 
where it is needed to cauterize ulcers, etc. 

Some counter-irritants are camphorated oil, mustard 
plaster, turpentine stupes, spice bag. They can be kept 
on until the skin is thoroughly reddened. Chloroform 
liniment can be used if the patient suffers much pain, 
and the skin is not broken. 

For lice, or other parasites, the ointment of amoniated 
mercury (white precipitate) is most satisfactory but 
must not be applied to too large an area as it is a poison. 

For malarial conditions, quinine tannate, Euquinine, 
syrup of cinchona alkaloids, quinin sulphate, in small 
doses, in syrups or elixirs. 

For tapeworm one half drachm to one drachm of the 
Oleoresin of Male Fern in a caspule or in an aromatic 
vehicle. The stomach must be empty and the intestinal 
tract previously emptied by an active cathartic, and a 



DOSAGE SUGGESTIONS. 1 73 

cathartic given several hours after the male fern has 
been given. For all small worms Santonin, and never 
give oil with or to follow it. The wrong dose or some 
thing that forms with it a poison will often destroy a 
life or injure health. 

Creosote is a most useful drug in bronchitis, tuber- 
culosis, pulmonary gangrene, and also as an intestinal 
antiseptic. From one half to two drops may be given 
for a dose. 

Liquid Beef peptonoids with creosote is best for chil- 
dren, generally, but creosote carbonate (Creosotal) is 
fine and may be given in doses of one drop for each year 
of the child's age up to ten. This will assist greatly in 
the treatment of a varicose ulcer. Externally use a 
waxy salve, nothing with grease in it. Guaiacol is the 
principal constituent of creosote and similar in action. 
Combine with equal parts of glycerine to paint the ton- 
sils. 

The Itch can always be cured by a salve made of 
equal parts of lard and sulphur. 

Bloodless Surgery means nothing more nor less than 
some mechanical action that will bring the blood to 
the affected part and wash away the refuse, foreign 
substance, or cut off the circulation from the part and 
allow it to disappear for lack of nourishment. Two 
kinds of action used are electricity and vibration or 
massage, and we can hardly imagine anything that 
cannot be benefited or cured by their action. 



174 DOSAGE SUGGESTIONS. 

The X ray and therapeutic lamp must be considered 
under this head also, and cauterization is bloodless 
surgery. 

Don't let anyone deceive you by false statements in 
cheap literature. Punching holes in live, normal flesh 
will bring blood. If the parts are frozen or otherwise 
previously treated to prevent bleeding, however, the 
case is altered. 



i minim (njrj) = i drop water, or 2 drops tinctures, 

spirits or wines. 
30 minims = \ fluidrachm (fl 5ss) = 1 coffeespoonful or \ teaspoonful. 
60 " =i " (fl 5 j) = 1 teaspoonful. 

2 fluidrachms —2 teaspoonfuls = 1 dessertspoonful. 

4 " =\ fluidounce (flSss)=4 " = 1 tablespoonful. 

8 =1 " (fl5j)=2 tablespoonfuls. 

2 fluidounces =4 =1 wineglassful. 

8 " =\ pint (Oss) . . =1 tumblerful. 
16 " =1 " (Oj). 
32 " =2 pints .... =1 quart. 

8 pints . =4 quarts . . . = 1 gallon (Cj). 



For extra copies, address 

RUBY NESS SCULLY 

ROME, N. Y. 



WATCH FOR 
Volume No. 2 of this Series 

A book of Essays, Thoughts and Sugges- 
tions on Youth, Maturity, 
Middle Life, Age 



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